Bonytail chub

Taxobox
name = Bonytail chub
status = EN | status_system = IUCN2.3


image_width = 240px
image_caption = Bonytail chub, "Gila elegans"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Actinopterygii
ordo = Cypriniformes
familia = Cyprinidae
genus = "Gila"
species = "G. elegans"
binomial = "Gila elegans"

The bonytail chub or bonytail, "Gila elegans", is an endangered cyprinid freshwater fish native to parts of Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada and Utah in the United States. It is the rarest of the endemic big-river fishes of the Colorado River. The bonytail chub has never been valued as a sport or food fish.

Description

The bonytail chub can grow to over 2 feet (60 cm) long. Like many other desert fishes, its coloring tends to be darker above and lighter below, serving as a camouflage. Breeding males have red fin bases. They have a streamlined body and a terminal mouth.cite book | last = Steven J. Phillips, Patricia Wentworth Comus (eds.) | title = A Natural History of the Sonoran Desert | publisher = University of California Press | date = 2000 | pages = 514 | isbn = 0-520-21980-5 ]

Range

The bonytail chub was once found in many states, including Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. This fish species experienced the most abrupt decline of any of the long-lived fishes native to the main-stems of the Colorado River system and, because no young individuals have been found in recent years, has been called functionally extinct. Bonytail chubs were one of the first fish species to reflect the changes that occurred in the Colorado River basin after the construction of Hoover Dam; the fish was extirpated from the lower basin between 1926 and 1950.Mac, M. J., Opler, P. A., Haecker, C. E. P. and Doran, P. D., editors. 1998. Status and Trends of the Nation's Biological Resources - Southwest. United States Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, 986 pp.] They may still be found in the Green River of Utah and perhaps in the larger Colorado River water bodies. "Gila elegans" was added to the US list of endangered species on April 23, 1980. The species has been re-introduced to parts of its native range from captive stocks. Fact|date=December 2007

There is contention about the reintroduction of the bonytail chub. [(18 January 2007) "Editorial: Fish to Fry" "The Pueblo Chieftain" Pueblo, Colorado] Some are concerned about the amount of water used to increase stream flows that are required for adequate bonytail chub habitat. [Baird, Joe (20 January 2006) "Uintah County seeks money for possible lawsuit against feds" "The Salt Lake Tribune" Salt Lake City. Utah. p. B-2] Bass fishermen are concerned about facilitating the recovery of the bonytail chub by the removal of smallmouth bass, a popular gamefish. [Staff (3 May 2007) "Group works to control smallmouth bass, pike" "Deseret Morning News" Salt Lake City, Utah] Fears of spreading the quagga mussel, an invasive species that clogs water pipelines and fouls marine equipment, has halted the reintroduction of the bonytail chub in Arizona, pending establishment of a stocking protocol that is satisfactory to Arizona wildlife officials. [Rogers, Keith (17 February 2007) "Stocking of trout resumes at lakes" "Las Vegas Review-Journal" Las Vegas, Nevada, p. 2B]

Habitat

Bonytail chub prefer backwaters with rocky or muddy bottoms and flowing pools, although they have been reported in swiftly moving water. They are mostly restricted to rocky canyons today, but were historically abundant in the wide downstream sections of rivers.

Biology

Young bonytail chubs typically eat aquatic plants, while adults feed mostly on small fish, algae, plant debris, and terrestrial insects. Little is known about their reproductive habits, but they are thought to spawn in mid-summer and perhaps hybridize with both Colorado and humpback chubs.

References

External links

* [http://ecos.fws.gov/speciesProfile/SpeciesReport.do;jsessionid=F114D9286D23D0BE373A60A6ADD9F1E9?spcode=E020 "Gila elegans" Species Profile] , U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (Accessed 2007 Mar 04)