Norah Borges

Leonor Fanny Borges Acevedo (Palermo, Buenos Aires, March 4, 1901 – July 20, 1998), better known by the pseudonym Norah Borges was a visual artist and art critic, member of the Florida group, and sister of the Argentinean writer Jorge Luis Borges.

Early life and source of nickname

Leonor was given the name Norah by her older brother, Jorge Luis Borges. Of his sister, Jorge wrote:  

In all of our games she was always el caudillo, I the slow, timid, submissive one. She climbed to the top of the roof, traipsed through the tress, and I followed along with more fear than enthusiasm. 

—Jorge Luis Borges, Norah

As a child, she moved with her family to Switzerland to treat the progressive blindness of her father, lawyer Jorge Guillermo Borges. She studied with the classical sculptor Maurice Sarkisoff  at la École des Beaux-Arts of Geneva. In Luganoshe studied with Arnaldo Bossi and was close to German expressionists such as Ernest Kirchner. With Bossi, Norah learned the art of woodcutting and the esthetics of expressionism.    

Early career

In Switzerland, Norah wrote and illustrated her first poetry book, Notas lejanas (1915). After the publication, Norah and her family hoped to return to Argentina, but their stay in Europe was extended 4 years because of the First World War. During this time, Norah saw much of Europe. First, she visited Provence (Norah was deeply impressed by Nîmes, and dedicated some of her later work to her travels there). After traveling through Province, she moved to Spain, where she furthered her studies and participated in the Avant-Garde movement. In Spain, Norah first visited Barcelona, and then, in 1919, moved to Palma, Majorca. In Palma, she studied under Sven Westman, andcollaborated with her brother on the magazine Baleares. Next she visited Sevilla, where she became a part of the vanguard of Ultraísmo, published her work in magazines like Grecia, Ultra,Tableros y Reflector, and in 1920 she illustrated the cover of El jardin de centauro (The Garden of the Centaur), a book of poems by Adriano del Valle. After leaving Sevilla, she passed through Granada and then finally came to Madrid, where she studied with the painter Julio Romero de Torres. Here she befriended the poet Juan Ramón Jiménez. She illustrated a number of his books and dedicated a portrait to him in her book Españoles de tres mundos.   

In March of 1921, Norah returned by boat to Buenos Aires. As a young painter, she aligned herself with the vanguard artists of the Florida Group. Her work in Prisma reflects the ultraist (anti-modernist) ideas of the group, but her illustrations for magazines such as Mural, Proa and Martín Fierro, and her illustrations in the first edition of the poetry book Fervor de Buenos Aires by Jorge Luis Borges (1923) reveal the influence of the Cubism that she had begun to assimilate with her French contacts in Spain. In 1923, the French surrealist magazine Manomètre, and, in 1924, Martin Fierro published her paintings. In 1926, she displayed 75 works (oils, woodcarvings, drawings,water-colorings, and tapestries) in the Asociacion Amigos del Arte exposition. In 1928, she married writer and art critic Guillermo de Torre, student of the ultraist movement and expert on Avant-Garde art and literature, whom she had met in Spain when she was 19 years old. They had two children.

In the Second World War, she became a vocal supporter of la Junta de la Victoria, an association of anti-fascist feminists in Argentina directed by Cora Ratto de Sadosky and Ana Rosa Schlieper de Martínez Guerrero. Also included in the group were the writer María Rosa Oliver, the photographer Annemarie Heinrich, the psychoanalyst Mimí Langer, the artist Raquel Forner, and the poet Silvina Ocampo.     

Post-war career

After the war, Norah spent one month with her mother Leo Acevedo in a women’s prison for uttering cries against the president of ArgentinaJuan Domingo Perón, deepening the aversion that her brother felt for the Argentinian political party  Partido Justicialista and its founder Juan Domingo Perón. After her release, Norah illustrated her brother’s bookCuaderno San Martin, as she had done with his earlier works like Luna de enfrente and Fervor de Buernos Aires, and Las invitadas (1961) and Autobiografia de Irene (1962) by Silvina Ocampo. Norah wrote as an art critic for Anales de Buenos Aires under the pseudonym Manuel Pinedo. She worked as a journalist and painter until her death in 1998, but she gifted much of her work and did not care for regular art exhibitions. In 1942, a version of Platero y yo by Juan Ramon Jimenez was published with illustrations and vignettes by Norah. She also worked as a graphic artist on other books by Spanish emigrants in Argentina like Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Rafael Alberti y León Felipe and illustrated the works of her brother and other Argentinean writers like Victoria Ocampo, Adolfo Bioy Casares,Norah Lange y Julio Cortázar. She designed the scenery of a play byFederico García Lorca using the techniques of oil, watercolor, engraving, woodcut, and drawings in ink and pencil.  

Death and burial

She died in Buenos Aires in 1998 and was buried in the family vault in the Cementerio de La Recoleta.^[1]

References

1. ^ Efemérides Culturales Argentinas. Jorge Luis Borges: familia. Ministerio de Educación de la Nación. Subsecretaría de Coordinación Administrativa. Página accedida el 21-12-07. [1]

Bibliography

• Sergio Baur, "Norah Borges, musa de las vanguardias", en Cuadernos hispanoamericanos, ISSN 0011-250X, Nº 610, 2001 , pags. 87-96
• Lorenzo Alcalá, May, "Norah Borges: La Vanguardia Enmascarada", Editorial Eudeba, Buenos Aires, 2009.

Persondata
Name	Leonor Fanny Borges
Alternative names	Norah Borges
Short description	Argentine illustrator
Date of birth	4 March 1901
Place of birth	Buenos Aires, Argentina
Date of death	20 July 1998
Place of death