Evelyn Pitfield Shirley Sturt

Infobox Person
name = Evelyn Pitfield Shirley Sturt


image_size = 200px
caption = Evelyn Pitfield Shirley Sturt
birth_date = 1816
birth_place = Dorset, England
death_date = death date|1885|2|10|mf=y
death_place = at sea
occupation = Police Magistrate, Commissioner of Crown Lands, Police Office, Overlander, Grazier
spouse = Mary Frances
parents = Thomas Lenox Napier Sturt & Jeannette, née Wilson
children = None

Evelyn Sturt (1816 – February 10, 1885) was born in Dorset, England. He was the son of Thomas Lenox Napier Sturt, who became a puisne judge in Bengal for the British East India Company. His mother was Jeannette, née Wilson. His older brother was the Australian explorer Charles Sturt.

Evelyn arrived in Australia at the age of 20, and by 21 he was appointed the Commissioner of Crown Lands for all of the new colony. Two years later, he resigned and then overlanded sheep and cattle from Bathurst to Adelaide to take up a large parcel of land as a grazier.

From 1849 until 1878, Sturt was appointed to the position of Superintendent of Police in Melbourne, and (twice) as the Police Magistrate dealing with matters including the Bentley Hotel affair which was seen by many to be a precursor to the Eureka Stockade.

Biography

Early life

Evelyn was educated at the Sandhurst Military College, but in 1836 at the young age of 20, he migrated to New South Wales, Australiacite web | last =Australian Dictionary of Biography, Online Edition | title = Sturt, Evelyn Pitfield Shirley (1816 - 1885) | publisher =Australian National University| url = http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A060232b.htm | format =Database | accessdate =2007-03-31] travelling on the "Hooghly", a ship of 466 tons which had previously been used as a convict transport vessel and was under the captaincy of George Bayly at that time. [cite web | last =A Life on the Ocean Wave:| title = Voyages to Australia, India and the Pacific From the Journals of Captain George Bayly 1824-1844 | publisher =Australian National University| url = http://www.gould.com.au/Life-on-the-Ocean-Wave-p/wil118.htm | accessdate =2007-03-31] [cite web | last =Bridget Sheedy| title = Sheehy,convict, per Hooghly| | url = http://www.hotkey.net.au/~jwilliams4/bridget1.htm | accessdate =2007-03-31] Sturt arrived in Sydney on October 12 that year.

Making an impression on the authorities, Evelyn was appointed, only 4 months after his arrival, as the Commissioner of Crown Lands and was based in Yass from February 20, 1837. Being only 21 years of age he was sometimes referred to as 'the boy commissioner'.

Sheep and cattle farming

Sturt resigned his post as Commissioner of Crown Lands in 1839 and decided to take sheep and cattle overland from Bathurst to Adelaide, at the time a massive distance of 1200Km. After occupying country at Willunga, South Australia in the Mount Lofty Ranges, he took up Compton station in the Mount Gambier district in 1844.

Again Evelyn was favoured by the authorities when he was granted ownership of the land in the area ahead of the Henty brothers who, despite also spending five years from 1839 to 1844 dealing with resistance from the Buandig (or Buandik) people, were the original Aboriginal inhabitants of the area. [cite web |work=Place Names Online |publisher=Government of South Australia Land Services Group |title=Other information |url=http://www.placenames.sa.gov.au/pno/other.phtml?recno=SA0025397 |accessdate=2007-03-31] , were not granted the land ahead of Evelyn. Although he continued to encounter many difficulties, and left to hold a new position as Police Magistrate in 1849, he did not dispose of the lands until 1853.

In 1853, Sturt wrote about the River Murray area, which his explorer brother Charles Sturt had named in 1830:"As for the Murray ever becoming an agricultural country, the notion is absurd ... there is hardly a settler on the Lower Murray who can luxuriate in a vegetable." [cite web |work=Australian Quotes & Notes |publisher=Iron Gang Online |title=The Quotes – 1850-1901 |url=http://www.australianquotes.com/quotes_1850-1901.html |accessdate=2007-03-31]

Duties with the Melbourne Police

While still at Mount Gambier, South Australia, Evelyn was offered and accepted an appointment as the Police Magistrate in Melbourne in 1849.

In the following year he accepted the position of superintendent of the Melbourne Police, and attempted to reconcile what he described as the "the great inefficiency of the District" (Melbourne and County of Bourke) "Police Force arising from their scattered and isolated stations" and a lack of constables of police.

Sturt found his troubles to be influenced by various gold rushes, which took a toll on police numbers - indeed he reported in December 1851 that he had lost forty of his fifty staff to resignation. In early 1853, Sir William Mitchell assumed Sturt's position of Superintendent of police and Evelyn was reappointed as magistrate for Melbourne, serving for the next twenty-five years. It appears that he was not afraid of brandishing his authority and in 1854 when he was appointed to the commission of inquiry into the Bentley hotel affair at Ballarat - seen by many to be a pre-cursor to the Eureka Stockade he recommended dismissal of some corrupt government officers and compensation to some of those who had suffered losses.

Evelyn also was appointed as a member of the royal commissions in 1861 that reported on the disastrous Burke and Wills expedition.

In 1869, he took a brief leave of absence from his position and returned to England (with his wife) and was present at the death of his brother Charles Sturt who had returned to live in England some 18 years earlier. Evelyn returned to his position but was dismissed in the Black Wednesday retrenchments of January 1878, and then accepting a pension, he left with his wife for England.

Marriage

Evelyn remained unmarried until 36, but then in 1852 he married Mary Frances, who was a daughter of the Church of England Reverend J. C. Grylls. They had no children, and later lived in Brighton, Victoria.

Death

In 1885, when returning to Victoria from another trip to England aboard the "Perkin", Evelyn contracted a severe case of bronchitis. He died, aged 69, on February 10, 1885, the day before reaching the Egyptian city of Port Said. Evelyn's body was returned to England for burial.

Evelyn County, New South Wales and Sturt Street, Ballarat, Victoria are named in his honour.

References and Notes

Bibliography

*Boldrewood, R., "Old Melbourne Memories", 2nd edn, Macmillan, London, 1896.
*Bride, T. F. (ed.), "Letters from Victorian Pioneers", Melbourne, 1898.
*Fetherstonhaugh, C., "After Many Days", Sydney, 1918.
*Gross, A., "Sturt, Evelyn Pitfield Shirley (1816 - 1885)", Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 6, 1976.
*Sturt, N. G., "Life of Charles Sturt", London, 1895.

ee also

*Charles Sturt
*Mount Gambier, South Australia
*Eureka Stockade
*Evelyn County, New South Wales
*Burke and Wills

External links

Persondata
NAME=Evelyn Pitfield Shirley Sturt
ALTERNATIVE NAMES= Evelyn Sturt
SHORT DESCRIPTION=
#Police Magistrate
#Commissioner of Crown Lands
#Overlander
#Grazier
#Police Officer

DATE OF BIRTH= 1816
PLACE OF BIRTH= Dorset England
DATE OF DEATH= February 10, 1885
PLACE OF DEATH= At sea