Teoloyucan, Mexico State

Infobox Settlement
name = Teoloyucan
settlement_type = Municipality
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = Mexico
subdivision_type1 = State
subdivision_name1 = State of Mexico
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map_caption =
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population_as_of=
population_total=
population_note=
population_density_km2=auto
area_total_km2=
leader_title = Municipal president
leader_name = Tito Saul Melendez Camarillo (2006-2009)
leader_party =
subdivision_type2 = Municipal seat
subdivision_name2 = Teoloyucan
subdivision_type3 = Largest city
subdivision_name3 = Teoloyucan
blank_name =
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timezone = CST
utc_offset = -6
timezone_DST = CDT
utc_offset_DST = -5
latd =19 | latm =44 | lats =39 | latNS =N
longd =99 | longm=10 | longs=52 | longEW =W
website=es icon
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Teoloyucan is a city and municipality located in Mexico State, Mexico. It lies 45 km (28 mi) north of the Federal District (Distrito Federal) in the northeastern part of the state of México, and is part of the Greater Mexico City urban area. During the colonial period the area's name had a number of variations, including Teohuilloyocan, Teohuilloyucan, Theoloyucan, Teoloyucan Coaquileque and Tehuilloyocan. The name comes from Náhuatl meaning place of glass or place of crystal rock. cite web |url=http://www.e-local.gob.mx/work/templates/enciclo/mexico/mpios/15091a.htm |title= Enciclopedia de los Municipios de Mexico Estado de Mexico Teoloyucan |accessdate= 2008-03-22 ]

The city

According to the Mendocino Codex, the settlement is mentioned as Itzcoatl conquered this area, meaning it existed prior to 1436, probably owing its importance to its proximity to Cuauhtitlan. After the Spanish Conquest, in 1565, the area and its people were entrusted to Alonso de Ávila Alvarado. The Franciscans came a year later to evangelize. In 1570 the town was described as having four principal districts divided into 8 neighborhoods each, indicating the area was already well-organized with a population of over 1,000 people, half of whom were Mexica and the other half Otomi. The population of the city as of 2005 was 54,202.cite web |url=http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/default.asp?s=est&c=10395 |title=Principales resultados por localidad 2005 (ITER) |accessdate=2008-03-22 ]

The city has two notable churches from the 17th century, the Church of Santa Cruz and the Church of San Juan. There are also plans to establish the Museo Comunitario de Teoloyucan (Community Museum of Teoloyucan). The city's patron saint is San Antonio de Padua.

The Magnetic Observatory of Teoloyucan was originally established in the School of Mining in Mexico City in the 18th century by Antonio Alzate and Alejandro von Humbolt. In 1903, it was moved to Cuajimalpa then again to its current location in 1911 due to the development of the Mexico City metropolitan area. It was originally located in the town's municipal palace but when this building was remodeled in 1978, the observatory again moved to its current location next to the municipal cemetery at the town's edge. cite web |url=http://www.igeofcu.unam.mx/geomagne/omt/evomt.html |title= Teoloyucan Magnetic Observatory (English version) |accessdate= 2008-03-22 ]

The municipality

As municipal seat, the city of Teoloyucan has governing jurisdiction over the following communities: San Bartolo, San Sebastián, Santa Cruz del Monte, Colonia Santo Tomás, El Ramal (Las Ladrilleras), Santa María Caliacac, Barrio Tlatenco, San José del Puente, Barrio la Tecla, Lumbrera II, Rancho San Ramón, Rancho el Mecate, Rancho Canta Ranas, and Granja Palomas (Granja Chavira). The total population of the municipality in 2005 was 73,696. The municipality was created shortly after the end of the Mexican War of Independence in 1821 and in the same year as the creation of the State of Mexico in 1825. The municipality borders with the municipalities of Coyotepec, Zumpango, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Cuautitlán, Melchor Ocampo, Jaltenco, Nextlalpan, Coyotepec and Tepotzotlán. It has a territory of 31.52 km².

While agriculture and livestock raising are still important economic activities, industrialization has begun in this area. Among the producted manufactured are: packaged food, textiles, paper products, petroleum and plastic products, as well as machinery and metal parts.

References