Gilman Hall

Infobox_nrhp2 | name =Room 307, Gilman Hall, University of California
nhl=yes


caption = Seaborg at the Geiger Counter, Gilman Hall
location= Berkeley, California [http://www.nr.nps.gov/Red%20Books/66000203.red.pdf NPS RedBook] ]
lat_degrees = 37 | lat_minutes = 52 | lat_seconds = 21.42 | lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 122 | long_minutes = 15 | long_seconds = 22.55 | long_direction = W
locmapin=California
area =
built =
designated_nhl=December 21, 1965
added = October 15, 1966
governing_body = Private
refnum=66000203 cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2006-03-15|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]

Gilman Hall is a building on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley. Room 307 was where Glenn T. Seaborg and his coworkers identified plutonium [http://www.nr.nps.gov/writeups/66000203.nl.pdf NHL Writeup] ] as a new element on February 23, 1941 and as such, is designated a National Historic Landmark. The building itself is designated a National Historic Chemical Landmark, recognizing the two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry that have resulted from research done in the building.

History

Gilman Hall was built from 1916 to 1917 to accommodate an expanded College of Chemistry under the leadership of Gilbert N. Lewis. Designed by John Galen Howard, the building provided research and teaching facilities for faculty and students specializing in physical, inorganic and nuclear chemistry. It was named for Daniel Coit Gilman, president of the University of California from 1872 to 1875.

Room 307

In 1942, the Berkeley campus became quite involved in the war effort of World War II. The top floor, or "attic," of Gilman Hall was fenced off for classified work in nuclear chemistry. Half of the rooms in the attic had small balconies that could be used as outdoor fume hoods, but the actual hoods in Gilman Hall were not equipped with fans. They operated only as chimneys, with a burner flame that produced a draft. For the war work, electrically powered fans were finally installed to vent the hoods. Plutonium research in Gilman Hall was part of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb. In 1942, Seaborg left Berkeley to join the Manhattan Project in Chicago. He returned to Berkeley after the war and directed the university's nuclear chemistry research.

Nobel Prizes

Two Nobel Prizes in Chemistry have been awarded for research done in the building. The first was to William Giauque in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero. Seaborg received the second one in 1951 for discoveries in the transuranium elements.

Four other individuals who did research here received Nobel Prizes for later work as well.

Gilman Hall today

Gilman Hall has been used continuously by the College of Chemistry for 80 years; today it is occupied by the Department of Chemical Engineering. However, its laboratory equipment is no longer suitable for modern chemical research and as such, the University has renovated and converted some of the rooms into offices, classrooms, and small research laboratories.

Footnotes

References

*cite web | url=http://www.cr.nps.gov/nr/travel/wwIIbayarea/307.htm | title=Room 307, Gilman Hall, University of California | work=World War II in the San Francisco Bay Area | publisher=National Park Service | accessdate=2007-03-27
*cite web | url=http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/97legacy/11_21_97a.html | title=Gilman Hall on the UC Berkeley campus is now an official National Historic Chemical Landmark | publisher=University of California, Berkeley | first=Jane | last=Scheiber | date=November 21, 1997 | accessdate=2007-03-27
*cite web | url=http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/Publications/journal/volume13/no1/content/deans_desk.html | title=Looking Ahead: Welcome to Harris and on to QB3 | work=Dean's Desk | publisher=University of California, Berkeley | first=Clayton H. | last=Heathcock | coauthors=Lewis, Gilbert N. | date=2005 | accessdate=2007-03-27