Edward Spragge

Sir Edward Spragge (circa 1629 - 11 August 1673) was an English admiral. His name was also written as Spragg or Sprague.

Spragge was a fiery, brilliantly accomplished Irish seaman who fought in many great actions after the restoration of King Charles II in 1660.

Spragge was an officer of the Royal Navy who remained loyal to the Stuarts in the English Civil War. When the royalist fleet had been dispersed in 1651, he began to work for the Dutch as a privateer in the First Anglo-Dutch War, which explains why some of his later colleagues had mixed feelings about him. He was very popular with the common sailors though because of his ebullient character; as Samuel Pepys put it, "he was a merry man, singing a pleasant song pleasantly". After 1653, he became a pirate associating himself with the Flemish Collaert family, a group of Dunkirkers that after the French conquest of Dunkirk in 1646, had likewise been forced to seek employment elsewhere. Spragge married the daughter of the famous privateer Jacob Collaert. He often clashed with Commonwealth vessels when employed by the Spanish as a privateer in the Anglo-Spanish War (1654).

After the English Restoration, Spragge was pardoned by Charles II and rewarded for his loyalty by being made captain of HMS "Drake". Whenever Charles had need to send an envoy to the Spanish Netherlands, he often employed Spragge because of his good contacts there.

His first sea-fight with the Dutch was the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665, after which he was knighted on board of HMS "Royal Charles" for his gallant conduct as captain of the "Lion" (52), under Prince Rupert of the Rhine, who greatly favoured his career. Spragge was then given command of the "Triumph" (72).

The next year he was rear-admiral of the Green Squadron, on the "Dreadnought" (58), under Prince Rupert and fought only in the fourth day of the Four Days Battle. He was vice-admiral of the Blue Squadron, subcommander of the rear, on the "Victory" (82), under Jeremy Smith in the St. James's Day Battle. Although an overall English victory, the English rear was defeated and routed by Lieutenant-Admiral Cornelis Tromp. Spragge felt so humiliated by this course of events — also because he was publicly denounced as a coward for his conduct by his enemy Robert Holmes — that he became a personal enemy of Tromp, vowing to kill him. His attitude was also influenced by the rumour that Tromp had remarked that Spragge had in future better let his wife command his squadron, who no doubt were well qualified for it, given her background.

But Tromp was fired from the Dutch navy in August 1666. After the disaster of the Raid on the Medway, where Spragge was present, but unable to organize efficient resistance against the Dutch raiders, England had to conclude peace with the United Provinces and the Second Anglo-Dutch War came to an end. Spragge was thus satirized by Andrew Marvell for his failure to defend Sheerness fort:

:"Spragge there, though practised in the sea command, ":"With panting heart lay like a fish on land ":"And quickly judged the fort was not tenáble-- ":"Which, if a house, yet were not tenantáble-- ":"No man can sit there safe: the cannon pours ":"Thorough the walls untight and bullet showers, ":"The neighbourhood ill, and an unwholesome seat, ":"So at the first salute resolves retreat, ":"And swore that he would never more dwell there ":"Until the city put it in repair. ":"So he in front, his garrison in rear, ":"March straight to Chatham to increase the fear. " In 1670 and 1671, Vice Admiral Sir Edward Spragge fought the Barbary pirates on the "Revenge". In the spring of 1671, he sailed with a fleet to Bougie Bay, near Algiers, where on 8 May, after a sharp fight, he burnt and destroyed ten corsair ships.

In 1672, the Third Anglo-Dutch War broke out, which gave Spragge the chance to deal with his old rival Tromp. At this time, Rupert and Spragge became rivals, the latter becoming jealous for not having been appointed supreme commander. Spragge was in command of the Red Squadron on the "London" in the Battle of Solebay in 1672 and of the Blue Squadron on the new "Prince Royal" of 100 cannon in the double Battle of Schooneveld of 1673. In these last Schooneveld battles he sought out and fought Tromp, readmitted to the navy in 1673, with great fury, but without result.Spragge publicly swore an oath in front of King Charles that the next time, he would either kill or capture his old enemy Tromp or die trying.

In the fourth Battle of Texel on 11 August 1673, Spragge and Tromp, commanding their respective rear divisions, again clashed repeatedly, each having their ships so damaged as to need to shift their flags to fresh ships twice. First the "Prince Royal" duelled the "Gulden Leeuw"; when the former ship was dismasted and half of her crew dead or wounded, Spragge shifted to HMS "St George" and Tromp to the "Comeetstar". On the second occasion, whilst passing from the "St George" to the "Royal Charles", Spragge's sloop was hit by cannon fire, a cannonball passing through the hull of the "St George" hitting the boat. The Admiral was injured but perhaps died by drowning as his vessel sank, just before reaching the ropes of the "St George" to which it had been rowed back as quickly as possible. The sloop remained partially floating and the body of Spragge was recovered with the head and shoulders still out of the water and his arms so cramped around the wood that much force had to be applied to free them. Contemporaneous Dutch naval historian Gerard Brandt wrote in his biography of Michiel de Ruyter: "This was the sad ending of Knight Edward Spragge, bravest of all English Admirals, who was praised by his friends and enemies for his courage and honesty and commiserated from compassion".

On 1 February 1673, Spragge had been elected as a Member of Parliament for Dover, but on 16 January 1674, it was resolved by Parliament that Spragge had failed to be elected because he had illegally influenced the election; he had in fact ordered an old and infirm pilot, who he knew intended to vote for his rival, aboard one of his ships, to prevent him from voting. Spragge was buried in the North Choir Aisle of Westminster Abbey, but without any memorial visible today. His grave had this inscription::"Sir Edward Spragge, Kt., a brave and valiant Sea Captain, who lost his life in a sea fight against the Hollanders, 1673"

Edward Spragge was the cousin of the later admiral George Legge.

External links

* [http://www.pepysdiary.com/p/5954.php Pepys' Diary]
* [http://www.agbfinebooks.com/Publications/Memorials/Naval%20Memorials%20in%20London.htm Westminster Abbey]