Ada Cambridge

Infobox Person
name = Ada Cambridge


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birth_date = 21 November 1844
birth_place = St Germans, Norfolk, England
death_date = 19 July 1926
death_place = Melbourne, Australia
death_cause = Heart failure
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other_names = A.C. "and" Ada Cross
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occupation = Novelist, poet, memoirist and journalist
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spouse = Rev. George Frederick Cross
partner =
children = Five, including Dr K. Stuart Cross
parents = Henry and Thomasine Cambridge
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Ada Cambridge (21 November 1844 - 19 July 1926), later known as Ada Cross, was an English writer.

Overall she wrote more than twenty-five works of fiction, three volumes of poetry and two autobiographical works. [Cato (1989) p. v] Many of her novels were serialised in Australian newspapers, and were never published in book form.

While she was known to friends and family by her married name, Ada Cross, she was known to her newspaper readers as "A.C.". Later in her career she reverted to her maiden name, Ada Cambridge, and it is thus by this name that she is known. [Morrison (1988) p.xv]

Life

Ada was born at St Germans, Norfolk, the second child of Thomasine and Henry Cambridge, a gentleman farmer. [Brighton Cemetery] She was educated by governesses, an experience she abhorred. She wrote in a book of reminiscences: "I can truthfully affirm that I never learned anything which would now be considered worth learning until I had done with them all and started foraging for myself. I did have a few months of boarding-school at the end, and a very good school for its day it was, but it left no lasting impression on my mind." ("The Retrospect", chap. IV). It was, in fact, an unmarried aunt who most contributed to her intellectual development. [Barton (1988) p. 134]

On 25 April 1870 she was married to the Rev. George Frederick Cross and a few weeks later sailed for Australia. She arrived in Melbourne in August and was surprised to find it a well established city. Her husband was sent to Wangaratta, then to Yackandandah (1872), Ballan (1874), Coleraine (1877), Bendigo (1884) and Beechworth (1885), where they remained until 1893. Her "Thirty Years in Australia" (1903) describes their experiences in these parishes. She experienced her share of tragedy, including the loss of children to whooping cough and scarlet fever. [Morrison (1988) p. xxvii]

Cross at first was the typical hard-working wife of a country clergyman, taking part in all the activities of the parish and incidentally making her own children's clothes. Her health, however, broke down, for a number of reasons including a near-fatal miscarriage and a serious carriage accident, and her activities had to be reduced, but she continued to write.

In 1893 Cross and her husband moved to their last parish, Williamstown, near Melbourne, and remained there until 1909. Her husband went on the retired clergy list at the end of 1909 with permission to operate in the diocese until 1912. In 1913 they both returned to England, where they stayed until his death on 27 February 1917. Ada returned to Australia later that year, and died in Melbourne on 19 July 1926. She was survived by a daughter and a son, Dr K. Stuart Cross.

A street in the Canberra suburb of Cook is named in her honour.

Career

While Cambridge began writing in the 1870s to make money to help support her children, her formal published career spans from 1865 with "Hymns on the Litany" and "The Two Surplices", to 1922 with an article 'Nightfall' in "Atlantic Monthly". [Morrison (1988) p. xxii] According to Barton, her early works 'contain the seeds of her lifelong insistence on and pursuit of physical, spiritual and moral integrity as well as the interweaving of poetry and prose which was to typify her writing career'. [Barton (1988) p. 134] Cato [Cato (1989) p. v] writes that 'some of her ideas were considered daring and even a little improper for a clergyman's wife. She touches on extramarital affairs and the physical bondage of wives'.

In 1875 her first novel "Up the Murray" appeared in the "Australasian" but was not published separately, and it was not until 1890 with the publication of "A Marked Man" that her fame as a writer was established. [Morrison (1988) p. xix] However, despite regular good reviews, there were many who discounted her because she did not write in the literary tradition of the time, one that was largely non-urban and masculine, that focused on survival against the harsh environment. [Morrison (1988) p. xx]

She was first president of the Women Writers Club and honorary life-member of the Lyceum Club of Melbourne, and had many friends in the literary world including Grace 'Jennings' Carmichael, Rolf Boldrewood, Ethel Turner, and George Robertson. [Barton (1988) p. 133]

Ada Cambridge Prize

This prize was first offered in 2005 and is awarded for the best biographical story submitted by a local adult writer. It is announced at the annual Williamstown Literary Festival, where Ada resided for a time when her husband was the vicar of the Holy Trinity Church. The story must be of 1,000–3,000 words and there is no entry fee. [ [http://libraries.hobsonsbay.vic.gov.au/Files/Gateways_November2007.pdf Gateways November 2007] ]

elected Bibliography

*"Hymns on the Litany" (1865)
*"Hymns on the Holy Communion" (1866)
*"The Manor House: and Other Poems" (1875)
*"My Guardian" (Novel, 1877)
*"In Two Years' Time" (Novel, 1879)
*"A Mere Chance" (Novel, 1882)
*"Unspoken Thoughts" (Novel, 1887)
*"A Woman's Friendship" (Serialised in the "Age", 1889; first published in book form in 1988)
*"A Marked Man" (Novel, 1890)
* "The Three Miss Kings" (Novel, 1891)
*"Not All in Vain" (Novel, 1892)
*"A Little Minx" (Novel, 1893)
*"A Marriage Ceremony" (Novel, 1894),
*"Fidelis" (Novel, 1895)
*"A Humble Enterprise" (Novel, 1896),
*"At Midnight: and Other Stories" (1897)
*"Materfamilias" (Novel, 1898),
*"Path and Goal" (Novel, 1900)
*"The Devastators" (Novel, 1901)
*"Thirty Years in Australia" (Memoir, 1903)
*"Sisters" (Novel, 1904)
*"A Platonic Friendship" (Novel, 1905)
*"A Happy Marriage" (Novel, 1906)
*"The Eternal Feminine" (Novel, 1907)
*"The Retrospect" (Memoir, 1912)
*"The Hand in the Dark: and Other Poems" (1913)
*"The Making of Rachel Rowe" (Novel, 1914)

Notes

References

* [http://www.brightoncemetery.com/HistoricInterments/150Names/cambridgea.htm Ada Cambridge (1844-1926)] Gravesite at Brighton General Cemetery (Vic)
*Barton, Patricia (1988) 'Ada Cambridge: Writing for her Life' in Adelaide, Debra (1988) "A Bright and Fiery Troop: Australian Women Writers of the Nineteenth Century", Ringwood, Penguin
*Cato, Nancy (1989) 'Introduction' in Cambridge, Ada (1989) "Sisters" (Penguin Australian Women's Library)
*Morrison, Elizabeth (1988) 'Editor's introduction' in Cambridge, Ada (1988) "A woman's friendship" (Colonial Text Series)
*Roe, J.I. (2006) 'Cambridge, Ada (1844 - 1926)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Online Edition http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A030310b.htm
*Dictionary of Australian Biography|First=Ada|Last=Cambridge|Link=http://gutenberg.net.au/dictbiog/0-dict-biogCa-Ch.html#cambridge1

External links

* [http://www.sonnets.org/cambridge.htm Ada Cambridge] contains the text of three of her sonnets.
* [http://www.cordula.ws/a-cambridgea.html Cordula's Web] features selected poems from Ada Cambridge.
* [http://manybooks.net/authors/cambridg.html manybooks.net] offers free PDF formatted works by Ada Cambridge.
* [http://setis.library.usyd.edu.au/oztexts/ozlitbrowseC.html SETIS] contains free PDF formatted works and print works for purchase by Ada Cambridge.
* [http://www.willylitfest.org.au/index.html?=Prize.html Ada Cambridge Prize] contains details of stories shortlisted for the 'Ada Cambridge Writers Prize' in 2008 (click on 'Writers Prize' link)
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Persondata
NAME=Cambridge, Ada
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=Ada Cross
SHORT DESCRIPTION=English writer
DATE OF BIRTH=21 November 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH=St Germans, Norfolk, England
DATE OF DEATH=19 July 1926
PLACE OF DEATH=Melbourne, Victoria, Australia