Julien Benda

Julien Benda (December 26, 1867 Paris – June 7, 1956) was a French philosopher and novelist.

Biography

Born into a Jewish family, Benda became a master of French "belles-lettres". Yet he believed that science was superior to literature as a method of inquiry. He disagreed with Henri Bergson, the leading light of French philosophy of his day.

Benda is now mostly remembered for his short 1927 book "La Trahison des Clercs", a work of some notoriety in its day. The title of the English translation was "The Betrayal of the Intellectuals", although "The Treason of the Learned" would have been more accurate. This polemical essay argued that French and German intellectuals in the 19th and 20th century had often lost the ability to reason dispassionately about political and military matters, instead becoming apologists for crass nationalism, warmongering and racism. Benda reserved his harshest criticisms for his fellow Frenchmen Charles Maurras and Maurice Barres. Benda defended the measured and dispassionate outlook of classical civilization, and the internationalism of traditional Christianity, which Benda understood well.

Other works by Benda include "Belphegor" (1918), "Uriel's Report" (1926), and "Exercises of a Man Buried Alive" (1947), an attack on the contemporary French celebrities of his time. Most of the titles in the bibliography below were published during the last three decades of Benda's long life; he is emphatically a 20th century author. Moreover, Benda survived the German occupation of France, 1940–44, and the Vichy regime despite being a Jew and having called the Germans "one of the plagues of the world". Nevertheless, Benda appears little read nowadays. "The Betrayal of the Intellectuals" is his only work translated into English. That Roger Kimball wrote the introduction to a 2006 edition of this translation suggests that Benda commands some respect among present-day Anglophone conservative thinkers.

Bibliography

* "Les amorandes" – 1922
* "Appositions" – 1930
* "Belphégor : essai sur l'esthétique de la présente société française" – 1919
* "Les cahiers d'un clerc, 1936-1949" – 1949
* "Cléanthis ou du Beau et de l'actuel" – 1928
* "Un Régulier dans me siècle" (Paris, Gallimard) 1938
* "La crise du rationalisme" – 1949
* "La croix de roses ; précédé d'un dialogue d'Eleuthère avec l'auteur" – 1923
* "Discours à la nation européenne" – 1933
* "Du poétique. Selon l'humanité, non selon les poètes" – 1946
* "Du style d'idées : réflexions sur la pensée, sa nature, ses réalisations, sa valeur morale" – 1948
* "Esquisse d'une histoire des Français dans leur volonté d'être une nation" – 1932
* "Exercice d'un enterré vif, juin 1940-août 1944" – 1945
* "La France Byzantine, ou, Le triomphe de la littérature pure : Mallarmé, Gide, Proust, Valéry, Alain Giraudoux, Suarès, les Surréalistes : essai d'une psychologie originelle du littérateur" – 1945
* "La grande épreuve des démocraties : essai sur les principes démocratiques : leur nature, leur histoire, leur valeur philosophique." – 1942
* "La jeunesse d'un clerc" – 1936
* "Lettres à Mélisande" – 1926
* "Non possumus. À propos d'une certaine poésie moderne" – 1946
* "L'ordination" – 1926
* "Précision (1930–1937)" – 1937
* "Properce, ou, Les amants de Tibur" – 1928
* "Le rapport d'Uriel" – 1946
* "Un régulier dans le siècle" – 1937
* "Les sentiments de Critias" – 1917
* "Tradition de l'existentialisme, ou, Les philosophies de la vie" – 1947
* "La trahison des clercs" – 1927
**English translation,"The Betrayal of the Intellectuals", by Richard Aldington:
***1955 (1928). Beacon Press. Introduction by Herbert Read.
***2006. Transaction Publishers. Introduction by Roger Kimball.
* "Trois idoles romantiques : le dynamisme, l'existentialisme, la dialectique matérialiste" – 1948

Criticism

*Nichols, Ray L., 1979. "Treason, Tradition and the Intellectual: Julien Benda and Political Discourse". Univ. Press of Kansas.
*Niess, Robert J., 1956. "Julien Benda". Univ. of Michigan Press.