Type I hypersensitivity

Type I hypersensitivity

Infobox_Disease
Name = Type I hypersensitivity


Caption = SEM of miscellaneous plant pollens. Pollens are very common allergens.
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MeshID = D006969

Type I hypersensitivity (or immediate hypersensitivity) is an allergic reaction provoked by reexposure to a specific type of antigen referred to as an allergen. [eMedicine|med|1101]

Exposure may be by ingestion, inhalation, injection, or direct contact.

Pathophysiology

The difference between a normal immune response and a type I hypersensitive response is that plasma cells secrete IgE. This class of antibodies binds to Fc receptors on the surface of tissue mast cells and blood basophils.cite web |url=http://student.ccbcmd.edu/courses/bio141/lecguide/unit5/hypersensitivity/type1/type1.html |title=The Adaptive Immune System: Type I Immediate Hypersensitivity |format= |work= |accessdate=2008-09-22] Mast cells and basophils coated by IgE are "sensitized." Later exposure to the same allergen, cross-links the bound IgE on sensitized cells resulting in degranulation and the secretion of pharmacologically active mediators such as histamine, leukotriene, and prostaglandin that act on the surrounding tissues. The principal effects of these products are vasodilation and smooth-muscle contraction.

The reaction may be either local or systemic. Symptoms vary from mild irritation to sudden death from anaphylactic shock.

Treatment and prognosis

Treatment usually involves epinephrine, antihistamines, and corticosteroids. If the entire body gets involved, then anaphylaxis can take place; an acute, systemic reaction that can prove fatal.

Examples

Some examples:
*Allergic asthma
*Allergic conjunctivitis
*Allergic rhinitis ("hay fever")
*Anaphylaxis
*Angioedema
*Urticaria (hives)
*Eosinophilia
*Penicillin
*Cephalosporin

References


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