Valley of the Queens

Valley of the Queens

The Valley of the Queens, also known as "Biban el-Harim" ( _ar. بيبان الحريم), "Biban el-Sultanat" ( _ar. بيبان السلطانات), and "Wadi el-Melikat" ( _ar. وادي الملكات), is a place in Egypt where wives of Pharaohs were buried in ancient times. In ancient times, it was known as Ta-Set-Neferu, meaning –‘the place of the Children of the Pharaoh’, because along with the Queens of the 18th, 19th and 20th dynasties (1550–1070 BCE) many princes and princesses were also buried with various members of the nobility. The tombs of these individuals were maintained by mortuary priests who performed daily rituals and provided offerings and prayers for the deceased nobility.

The valley is located near the better known Valley of the Kings, on the west bank of the Nile across from Thebes (modern Luxor) . This barren area in the western hills was chosen due to its relative isolation and proximity to the capital. The kings of the 18th dynasty, instead of the traditional building of pyramids as burial chambers (perhaps because of their vulnerability to tomb robbers), now chose to be buried in rock-cut tombs.

This necropolis is said to hold more than seventy tombs, many of which are stylish and lavishly decorated. An example of this is the resting place carved out of the rock for Queen Nefertari (1290–1224 BCE) of the 19th Dynasty. The polychrome reliefs in her tomb are still intact.

Principal burials

* QV8ndash Hori, King's Son (18th dynasty) and a King's Daughter
* QV17ndash Merytre and Wermeryotes, princesses (18th dynasty)
* QV30ndash Nebiri, Head of the Stables (18th dynasty)
* QV33ndash Princess Tanedjmet (19th or 20th dynasty)
* QV38ndash Queen Sitre, wife of Ramesses I
* QV42ndash Pa-ra-her-unemef, son of Ramesses III
* QV43ndash Seth-her-khopsef, son of Ramesses III
* QV44ndash Khaemwaset, son of Ramesses III
* QV46ndash Imhotep, vizier under Thutmose I
* QV47ndash Princess Ahmose, daughter of Tao II the Brave and Sitdjehuti
* QV51ndash Queen Iset Ta-Hemdjert, wife of Ramesses III, mother of Ramesses VI
* QV52ndash Queen Tyti (19th or 20th dynasty)
* QV53ndash Prince Ramesses, son of Ramesses III
* QV55ndash Prince Amun-her-khepeshef, son of Ramesses III
* QV60ndash Queen Nebettawy, daughter of Ramesses II
* QV66ndash Queen Nefertari, wife of Ramesses II
* QV68ndash Queen Meritamun, daughter of Ramesses II and Nefertari
* QV71ndash Queen Bintanath, daughter of Ramesses II and Isetnofret
* QV72ndash Neferhat / Baki
* QV73ndash Queen Henuttawy? (possibly dated to the 20th Dynasty)
* QV74ndash (Dua)Tentopet
* QV75ndash Henutmire, daughter or sister of Ramesses II
* QV76ndash Merytre, King's Daughter (18th Dynasty)
* QV80ndash Queen (Mut-)Tuy, Wife of Seti I and mother of Ramesses II. Daughter of Raia (an officer of the chariotry) and his wife (R)uia.
* QV81ndash Heka..., (18th Dynasty)
* QV82ndash Minemhat and Amenhotep, King's Sons (18th Dynasty)
* QV88ndash Ahmose, King's Son (18th Dynasty)

Other Burials

Fragments of burial equipments were found for several additional members of the royal family. No known tombs exist for these individuals but the existence of the burial equipment suggests that these people may have once been buried in the Valley of the Queens as well. [Dodson A. and Hilton D. The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt, London 2004]

* King's Wife Henut. Mid 18th Dynasty. Her name was enclosed in a cartouche on canopic fragments.
* Prince Menkheperre, Son of Tuthmosis III and Merytre Hatshepsut. Canopic fragments were found.
* King's Great Wife Nebetnehat. Mid 18th Dynasty. Her name was enclosed in a cartouche on canopic fragments.
* King's Daughter Ti. Mid 18th Dynasty. Canopic fragments were found.

References

External links

* Bunson, Margaret. "Valley of the Queens." Encyclopædia of Ancient Egypt. New York. (1991)

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