Portland Brownstone Quarries

Infobox_nrhp | name = Portland Brownstone Quarries
nrhp_type =nhl

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caption =
location = Brownstone Ave. and Silver St., Portland, Connecticut
lat_degrees = 41 | lat_minutes = 34 | lat_seconds = 32 | lat_direction = N
long_degrees = 72 | long_minutes = 38 | long_seconds = 36 | long_direction = W
locmapin = Connecticut
area =
architect =
architecture =
designated = May 16, 2000cite web|url=http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=-1224404945&ResourceType=Site
title=Portland Brownstone Quarries |accessdate=2007-10-03|work=National Historic Landmark summary listing|publisher=National Park Service]
added = May 16, 2000cite web|url=http://www.nr.nps.gov/|title=National Register Information System|date=2006-03-15|work=National Register of Historic Places|publisher=National Park Service]
governing_body =
refnum = 00000703

The Portland Brownstone Quarries are a set of historic quarries in Portland, Connecticut. The brownstone mined from these quarries was an important source for construction in the latter half of the 1800s. The stone from these quarries was used in a number of landmark buildings in Chicago, Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, New Haven, Connecticut, and Hartford, Connecticut. The site was listed as a National Historic Landmark, which also placed it on the National Register of Historic Places, on May 16, 2000.cite web|url=http://www.house.gov/larson/pr_000523.htm|title=Larson Announces Major Historic Recognition for Town of Portland|last=Larson|first=John B.|authorlink=John Larson|accessdate=2007-03-06] ,citation|title=PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/00000703.pdf National Historic Landmarks Survey Registration: Portland Brownstone Quarries] |462 KB|date=undated |author=Dr. Joanne Kluessendorf |publisher=National Park Service and PDFlink| [http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/00000703.pdf Accompanying 1 photo, from c.1889.] |429 KB]

Early history of the quarry

Quarrying on this site began in 1690 by James Stanclift, who contracted with the town of Middletown to build stonework in exchange for a deed of land. Commercial quarrying started in 1783 when the Brainerd Quarry Company began operations. During the peak of the brownstone era, more than 1500 workers were employed by the quarries, which shipped stone on their own ships for eight months out of the year. Proceeds from the quarrying business were deeded to Wesleyan University from 1833 through 1884, and stone from the quarries was used to build many campus buildings. As tastes in buildings shifted, and concrete became the material of choice, the demand for brownstone declined. A flood in 1936 and a hurricane in 1938 flooded the quarries, ending their operations.cite news|url=http://www.courant.com/news/local/hc-asked0117.artjan17,0,6442095.story?coll=hc-utility-local|title=Quarries Yield A Brown Stone Seen 'Round The World|publisher=Hartford Courant|date=January 17, 2007|accessdate=2007-03-06] Although people made efforts to pump the water out of the flooded quarries, these efforts were unsuccessful. One theory is that the floods opened some underground springs, making it impossible to effectively drain the quarries.cite web|url=http://www.portlandct.org/Portland/history/quarry.htm|title=The Portland Quarries|publisher=Town of Portland, Connecticut|accessdate=2007-03-06]

Current use of the quarry site

In 1994, a new operator, Connecticut Brownstone Quarries, began a small-scale quarrying operation to provide stone for restoration of brownstone buildings.

The town purchased the historic quarries and 42 acres of adjacent land in 1999 and 2000.

The quarries have been leased for development as a recreation center and is currently being operation by Brownstone Exploration & Discovery Park, with the hope that awareness of the historic landmark will strengthen the local economy.

The park has planned uses such as scuba diving, climbing and rappelling, swimming, canoing and kayaking, hiking, mountain biking, and camping. All activities are currently available except for the campground - which is currently under construction - and rappelling activities which will start in the summer 2007.

There are also plans to offer educational programs at the site. [cite web|url=http://www.brownstonepark.com/|title=Brownstone Exploration and Discovery Park|accessdate=2007-03-07] Scuba diving is becoming a popular recreational use within the park, with divers coming from all over Connecticut and even some from out of state.cite web|url=http://www.portlandct.org/Portland/articles/scuba.htm|title=SCUBA diving in the Quarries|publisher=Town of Portland, Connecticut|accessdate=2007-03-06]

Zip Lines
Brownstone Park installed two zip lines that cut across the quarry in July 2007. The first line goes from the west side of the park to the peninsula at the center of the park. The second line travels south along the west side of the quarry. The lines are 750 and 780 feet long respectively.

Water Slide
Brownstone Park installed a 100-foot water slide in July 2007.

Water Toys
A variety of water toys including kayaks, canoes, launchers, trampolines and windsurfers are available.

References