Farzad Bazoft

Infobox Writer
name = Farzad Bazoft


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birthdate = birth date|1958|5|22
birthplace = Iran
deathdate = death date and age|1990|3|15|1958|5|22
deathplace = Iraq
occupation = Journalist
nationality = Iranian-British
period = 1980s-1990
subject = Middle East
movement =
influences =
influenced =


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Farzad Bazoft (May 22, 1958 – March 15, 1990) was an Iranian-born journalist who settled in the United Kingdom in the mid-1980s. He worked as a freelance reporter for "The Observer". He was executed by the Iraqi authorities in 1990 after being convicted of spying for Israel while working in Iraq.

Bazoft was born in Iran but moved to the United Kingdom in around 1985. He wrote a number of articles on the Middle East before being invited to Iraq to participate in a trip for journalists organized by the Iraqi government in 1989, to report on the reconstruction works in Iraq after the end of the war against Iran. Before Barzoft set off, he learned about a mysterious explosion which happened on 19 September 1989 at the al-Iskandaria military complex 30 miles south of Baghdad. The heavy detonation was heard as far as in Baghdad itself. Despite Saddam Hussein's personal order to keep the matter secret, rumours began to spread that the accident happened in a rocket factory's assembly line, killing dozens of Egyptian technicians involved in Iraq's secret development of medium-range ballistic missiles.

Smelling a likely scoop, Bazoft headed for al-Hilla to search for details. He undertook his investigation with the accord of Iraqi officials. "Observer" editor Donald Trelford said in response to later events: "Farzad Bazoft is not a spy. He is a reporter who went to do a story. He said in advance the story he was going to do... He told the Baghdad government where he wanted to go... This is not the action of a spy, this is the action of a reporter." Other western reporters were also interested in the story, but a camera crew from Independent Television News were stopped by the Iraqi authorities before they could reach the plant. Barzoft got through, driven by British nurse Daphne Parish.

Bazoft was arrested at Baghdad airport in September 1989, while waiting for his flight back to London. Bazoft was found to have 34 photographs of the area of al hilla in his luggage, together with soil samples from near the factory. After 6 weeks in custody at the Abu Graib prison, he was put in front of the TV cameras on 1 November and confessed to being an Israeli agent. Before their trial, President Saddam Hussein had written to the British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher, assuring her that Farzad Bazoft and Daphne Parish would get a fair hearing.

Following a one-day trial behind closed doors, lacking any conclusive evidence of his guilt, Bazoft was convicted and sentenced to death on 10 March 1990. Parish was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but she was released on 16 July following a plea for clemency from Zambian president Kenneth Kaunda.

International appeals for clemency for Bazoft had no effect. He was not permitted to appeal against his conviction, and he was executed by hanging at 6:30am on 15 March 1990. His body was put in a rough wooden crate and despatched to his family in Britain. Three British MPs, Terry Dicks, Rupert Allason and Anthony Beaumont-Dark supported his execution.

Immediately after the execution, the British ambassador was ordered to leave Iraq and all ministerial visits were cancelled. Bazoft's story triggered a general outrage of the West and contributed to international isolation of Saddam's regime. Just a few months later, on 2 August, Iraq invaded Kuwait, sparking the first Gulf War.

In 2003, "The Observer" tracked down Kadem Askar, the colonel in the Iraqi intelligence service who conducted the initial interrogation of Bazoft. He admitted that he knew Bazoft was innocent, but that he was powerless to obstruct Saddam Hussein's orders to have him convicted and executed.

References

* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/10/newsid_2566000/2566485.stm 1990: Observer 'spy' sentenced to die] , BBC "On this day", 10 March 1990
* [http://www.eamonn.com/2003/02/remembering_farzad_bazoft.htm Remembrance article]
* [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/leaders/story/0,6903,958172,00.html Editorial] , "The Observer", 18 March 1990, the Sunday following Barzoft's execution
* [http://observer.guardian.co.uk/iraq/story/0,,958297,00.html Proved innocent] , "The Observer", 18 May 2003
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/15/newsid_2543000/2543475.stm 1990: Observer journalist executed in Iraq] BBC 15 March 2008