Christiansen effect

Christiansen effect

The Christiansen effect is named after the Danish physicist Christian Christiansen the effect of this filter is based on the various dispersions of two different media.

A Christiansen filter is a narrow bandpass or monochromatic optical filter which consists of an optical cell which is stuffed with a crushed substance (e.g. glass) and a (mostly organic) liquid. The liquid is chosen according to the substance, so that the dispersion curves coincide at one wavelength. For this wavelength the filled optical cell behaves like a plane-parallel, homogeneous disk and allows transmission. All other wavelength ranges of the spectrum are reflected, scattered as well as refracted at the many interfaces between substance and liquid. A change of the transmission behavior of this dispersion filter can be achieved by variation of the liquid, the temperature or variation of the pressure. The fundamental consequence is the change of the refractive index of the liquid.

A typical filter is composed of glass particles immersed in a mixture of benzene and carbon disulfide. The wavelength of operation can be varied by changing the percentage of the two components of the liquid mixture, or by varying the temperature.

Bibliography

  • C. Christiansen: Untersuchungen über die optischen Eigenschaften von fein verteilten Körpern. Ann. Phys. Chem., vol. 23, 24, pp. 298-306, 439-446, 1884, 1885.
  • C. V. Raman: The theory of the Christiansen experiment. Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci., vol. 29, pp. 381-390, 1949.
  • V. I. Shelyubskii: A new method for determining and controlling the homogeneity of glass (orig. russ.: Nowy metod opredelenija i kontrolja odnorodnosti stekla). Glass and Ceramics (Steklo i Keramika), vol. 17, pp. 17-22, 1960.
  • T. Sakaino, M. Yamane, A. Makishima, and S. Inoue: An improved method for measuring the homogeneity of glass by Shelyubskii's method. Glass Technol., vol. 19, pp. 69-74, 1978.
  • R. P. Heidrich: Experimentelle Homogenitätsuntersuchungen an technischen Gläsern mit dem Cristiansenfilter. Thesis, Technische Universität Clausthal, 1999.
  • R. P. Heidrich; G. H. Frischat: Optimising the Christiansen-Shelyubskii method and its comparison with industrial control methods for homogeneity determination of glasses. Glastech. Ber. Glass Sci. Technol., vol. 72, pp. 197-203, 1999.

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужен реферат?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Christiansen — (Danish pronunciation: [kʁisˈteæˀnsn̩]) is a Danish and Norwegian patronymic surname, literally meaning son of Christian. The spelling variant Kristiansen has identical prononciation. Christiansen is the sixteenth most common name in Denmark …   Wikipedia

  • Christian Christiansen — For other uses, see Christian Christiansen (musician). Christian Christiansen (9 October 1843 in Loenborg, Denmark – 1917) was a Danish physicist. Christiansen first taught at the local polytechnical school. In 1886 he was appointed to a chair… …   Wikipedia

  • Dispersion staining — Contents 1 Dispersion Staining 1.1 Becke Line Dispersion Staining 1.2 Oblique Illumination Dispersion Staining 1.3 Darkfield Illumination Dispersion Staining …   Wikipedia

  • List of effects — This is a list of names for observable phenonema that contain the word effect, amplified by reference(s) to their respective fields of study. #*3D audio effect (audio effects)A*Accelerator effect (economics) *Accordion effect (physics) (waves)… …   Wikipedia

  • Democratic peace theory — (or liberal democratic theory[1] or simply the democratic peace ) is the theory that democracies, for some appropriate definition of democracy, rarely, or even never, go to war with one another. Some have preferred the term inter democracy… …   Wikipedia

  • D. B. Cooper — A 1972 F.B.I. composite drawing of D. B. Cooper Other names Dan Cooper Occupation Unknown Known for …   Wikipedia

  • Scientific phenomena named after people — This is a list of scientific phenomena and concepts named after people (eponymous phenomena). For other lists of eponyms, see eponym. NOTOC A* Abderhalden ninhydrin reaction Emil Abderhalden * Abney effect, Abney s law of additivity William de… …   Wikipedia

  • environment — environmental, adj. environmentally, adv. /en vuy reuhn meuhnt, vuy euhrn /, n. 1. the aggregate of surrounding things, conditions, or influences; surroundings; milieu. 2. Ecol. the air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors… …   Universalium

  • Swindle (chess) — In chess, a swindle is a ruse by which a player in a losing position tricks his opponent, and thereby achieves a win or draw instead of the expected loss.[1][2][3][4][5] It may also refer more generally to obtaining a win or draw from a clearly… …   Wikipedia

  • Teutonic Knights — This article is about the religious order. For the state, see State of the Teutonic Order. For the historical novel, see The Knights of the Cross. For the film, see Knights of the Teutonic Order (film). Teutonic Knights Coat of arms …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”