Bunka

Bunka

nihongo|"Bunka"|文化 was a nihongo| Japanese era name|年号,|"nengō",|lit. "year name" after "Kyōwa" and before "Bunsei." The period spanned the years from 1804 to 1818. The reigning emperors were nihongo|Kōkaku"-tennō"|光格天皇 and nihongo|Ninkō"-Tennō"|仁孝天皇.

Change of era

*; (February 11, 1804): The new era name of "Bunka" ( meaning "Culture" or "Civilization") was created to mark the start of a new 60-year cycle of the Heavenly Stem and Earthly Branch system of the Chinese Calendar which was on New Year's Day, the [http://aa.usno.navy.mil/cgi-bin/aa_moonphases.pl?year=1804&ZZZ=END new moon day] of 2/11/1804. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in "Kyōwa" 4.

Events of the "Bunka" era

* "Bunka 1" (1804): "Daigaku-no-kami" Hayashi Jussai (1768-1841) explained the shogunate foreign policy to Emperor Kōkaku in Kyoto. [Cullen, L.M. (2003). "A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds," pp. 117, 163.]
* "Bunka 2" (June 1805): Genpaku Sugita (1733-1817) is granted an audience with Shogun Ienari to explain differences between traditional medical knowledge and Western medical knowledge. [Sugita Genpaku. (1969). "Dawn of Western Science in Japan: Rangaku Kotohajime," p. xvi.]
* "Bunka 7" (September 25, 1810): Earthquake in northern Honshū (Latitude: 39.900/Longitude: 139.900), 6.6 magnitude on the Richter Scale.Online "Significant Earthquake Database" -- U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC)] [http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov ...Click link for NOAA/Japan: Significant Earthquake Database]
* "Bunka 1" (December 7, 1812): Earthquake in Honshū (Latitude: 35.400/Longitude: 139.600), 6.6 magnitude on the Richter Scale. [see above] ]
* "Bunka 14" (1817): Emperor Kokaku travelled in procession to Sento Imperial Palace, a palace of an abdicated emperor. The Sento Palace at that time was called Sakura Machi Palace. It had been built by the Tokugawa Shogunate for former-Emperor Go-Mizunoo. [National Ditigial Archives of Japan, [http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/kouseisai/category/emaki/sakuramachi_e.html ...see caption describing image of scroll] ]

Notes

References

* Cullen, L.M. (2003). "A History of Japan, 1582-1941: Internal and External Worlds." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82115-X (cloth) ISBN 0-521-529918-2 (paper)
* Sugita Genpaku. (1969). "Dawn of Western Science in Japan: Rangaku Kotohajime." Tokyo: Hokuseido Press. ISBN 0-8934-6061-3 (reprint)

External links

* National Diet Library, "The Japanese Calendar" [http://www.ndl.go.jp/koyomi/e/ -- historical overview plus illustrative images from library's collection]
* National Archives of Japan [http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/jpg_prg/jgmWeb?%TmpFileDisp%env=jpeg2k_images/emaki/sakuramachi/001_e.env "Sakuramachiden Gyokozu", 1]
* National Archives of Japan [http://jpimg.digital.archives.go.jp/jpg_prg/jgmWeb?%TmpFileDisp%env=jpeg2k_images/emaki/sakuramachi/002_e.env Sakuramachiden Gyokozu", 2]





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