Tina language

Infobox Language
name=Tina
states=Philippines
region=Zambales, Olongapo, Metro Manila, Palawan
speakers=~70,000 [ [http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=xsb Ethnologue report for language code:xsb ] ]
familycolor=Austronesian
fam2=Malayo-Polynesian
fam3=Borneo-Philippines
fam4=Central Luzon
fam5=Sambalic
agency=Commission on the Filipino Language
iso2=phi|iso3=xsb

Tina is a Sambalic language spoken by approximately 70,000 (SIL 2000) Sambal, primarily in the Zambaleño municipalities of Santa Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc, and Iba in the Philippines; speakers can also be found in Quezon, Palawan.

Phonology

Tina has 19 phonemes: 16 consonants and three vowels. Syllable structure is relatively simple. Each syllable contains at least a consonant and a vowel.

Vowels

Tina has three vowels. They are:
*/a/ an open front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘father’
*/i/ a close front unrounded vowel similar to English ‘machine’
*/u/ (written as ‘o’) a close back unrounded vowel similar to English ‘flute’

There are five main diphthongs: IPA|/aɪ/, IPA|/uɪ/, IPA|/aʊ/, /ij/, and IPA|/iʊ/.

Consonants

Below is a chart of Tina consonants. All the stops are unaspirated. The velar nasal occurs in all positions including at the beginning of a word.

Note: Consonants [d] and [IPA|ɾ] can sometimes interchange as they were once allophones.

tress

Stress is phonemic in Tina. Stress on words is very important, they differentiate words with the same spellings, but with different meanings, e.g. "hikó" (I) and "híko" (elbow).

Historical sound changes

Many words pronounced as /s/ and /g/ in Filipino are pronounced as /h/ and /j/, respectively, in their cognates in Tina. Compare "hiko" and "bayo" with the Filipino "siko" and "bago".

=Grammar=

Nouns

Personal Pronouns

Demonstrative Pronouns

Enclitic Particles

Existential

Interrogative Words

Tina - Filipino - English

Ayti - Saan - Where

ample texts

The Lord’s Prayer

Version from Matthew

Ama mi a ison ha langit,
sambawon a ngalan mo.
Ma-kit mi na komon a pa-mag-ari mo.
Ma-honol komon a kalabayan mo iti ha lota
a bilang anamaot ison ha langit.
Biyan mo kami komon nin
pa-mangan mi para konan yadtin awlo;
tan patawaron mo kami komon ha kawkasalanan mi
a bilang anamaot ha pa-matawad mi
konlan ampagkasalanan komi.
Tan komon ando mo aboloyan a matokso kami,
nokay masbali ipa-lilih mo kamin kay makagawa doka,
"ta ikon moy kaarian, kapangyarian tan karangalan a homin"
"panganggawan. Amen." [http://www.christusrex.org/www1/pater/JPN-sambal-tina.html Sambal, Tina ] ]

Version from Luke

Ama mi, maipatnag komon a banal mon kapangyarian.
Lomato ana komon a awlon sikay mag-ari.
Biyan mo kamin pa-mangan mi sa inawlo-awlo.
Inga-rowan mo kami sa kawkasalanan mi bilang
pa-nginganga-ro mi konlan nagkasalanan komi
tan ando mo kami aboloyan manabo sa tokso.
Wamoyo._]

Philippine national proverb

Below is a translation in Tina of the Philippine national proverb [ [http://iloko.tripod.com/philproverb.html National Philippine Proverb in Various Philippine Languages ] ] “He who does not acknowledge his beginnings will not reach his destination,” followed by the original in Filipino.
*Tina: “Hay kay tanda mamanomtom ha pinangibatan, kay immabot ha kakaon.”
*Filipino: “Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makararating sa paroroonan.”

Examples

Loan Words

Numbers

Common Expressions

ee also

*Languages of the Philippines

References

External links

*Sample recordings from the GRN Network in [http://globalrecordings.net/program/C07931 Tina] and its [http://globalrecordings.net/program/C08311 Candelariero sub-variety]