Chain smoking

Packs of German-stamped Marlboro cigarettes that can all be consumed in a single day by a single chain smoker, or one who constantly smokes

Chain smoking is the practice of lighting a new cigarette for personal consumption immediately after one that is finished, sometimes using the finished cigarette to light the next one. It is a common form of addiction.^[1]

Causes

The use of cocaine with cigarettes can result in chain smoking.^[2] Many people chain smoke when drinking alcohol because alcohol potentiates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to re-sensitization and hence inducing a craving.^[3]

The extent to which chain smoking is driven by nicotine dependence has been studied. It does not seem that the amount of nicotine delivered is a significant factor as the puff volume correlates poorly with the frequency of cigarette consumption.^[4]

Clinical use

Chain-smoking is given as an example of excessive addictive behaviour in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.^[5] It may be used as a form of aversion therapy for smokers who are unused to such heavy smoking, inducing them to give up altogether.^[6]

Ventilation

Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) professionals claim that an airflow of about 1000 cubic feet per minute per smoker is required to maintain satisfactory air quality when the smokers are chain smoking.^[7] However, research confirms that current HVAC systems, while important for general air quality, cannot control exposure to secondhand smoke; smoke levels remain high enough to cause significant harm.^[8]

See also

• Tobacco smoking

References

1. ^ Charles Gerras (1976), The encyclopedia of common diseases, p. 17, ISBN 9780878571130, http://books.google.com/?id=U7NZwYhrBWIC 
2. ^ Gary L. Fisher, Nancy A. Roget (2008), Encyclopedia of Substance Abuse Prevention, Treatment, and Recovery, p. 194, ISBN 9781412950848, http://books.google.com/?id=wPJ-39gVHE0C 
3. ^ Rose J, Brauer L, Behm F, Cramblett M. (2004), "Psychopharmacological interactions between nicotine and ethanol", Nicotine & Tobacco Research 6 (1): 133–44, doi:10.1080/14622200310001656957, PMID 14982697, http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/reprint/6/1/133.pdf 
4. ^ Kolonen S, Tuomisto J, Puustinen P, Airaksinen MM. (1992), "Effects of smoking abstinence and chain-smoking on puffing topography and diurnal nicotine exposure", Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 42 (2): 327–32, doi:10.1016/0091-3057(92)90535-N, PMID 1631188 
5. ^ Helen Keane (2002-05), What's Wrong with Addiction?, p. 100, ISBN 9780522849912, http://books.google.com/?id=QqZsDnXS3-cC 
6. ^ James Cocores (1991-07-23), The Clinical management of nicotine dependence, ISBN 9780387974644, http://books.google.com/?id=f-lrAAAAMAAJ 
7. ^ Brian Allan Rock (2006-01-13), Ventilation for environmental tobacco smoke, p. 48, ISBN 9780123708861, http://books.google.com/?id=PDupTtFRClkC 
8. ^ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2006), The Health Consequences of Involuntary Exposure to Tobacco Smoke: A Report of the Surgeon General, p. 92, http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/secondhandsmoke/report/fullreport.pdf 

This culture-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.v · Categories: Cigarettes Tobacco Smoking Culture stubs Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Игры ⚽ Поможем решить контрольную работу Hermann Gummel Catherine E. Coulson Look at other dictionaries: chain-smoking — adj or noun Chain smoking is very dangerous to health …   Словарь американских идиом chain-smoke — chain smokes, chain smoking, chain smoked VERB Someone who chain smokes smokes cigarettes or cigars continuously. Melissa had chain smoked all evening while she waited for a phone call from Tom. [Also V n] …   English dictionary chain-smoke — [chānsmōk΄] vt., vi. chain smoked, chain smoking to smoke (cigarettes) one right after the other, often, specif., using each to light the next chain smoker n. chain smoker …   English World dictionary chain-smoke — chain smoker. chain smoker, n. /chayn smohk /, v.i., v.t., chain smoked, chain smoking. to smoke continually, as by lighting one cigarette, cigar, etc., from the preceding one. [1930 35] * * * …   Universalium Chain (disambiguation) — A chain is a sequence of connected links. Chain may also refer to: Chain may refer to: Necklace a jewelry which is worn around the neck Mail (armour) (or chainmail ), a type of armor made of interlocking chain links Chain tool, small mechanical… …   Wikipedia Chain (sequence) — The term Chain (sequence) may refer to: * Chain in chemistry * Chain sequence (continued fraction), numbers in the mathematical study of continued fractions * Chain of thought, continuous thought process where ideas follow one from the other *… …   Wikipedia chain-smoke — {v.} To smoke cigarettes or cigars one after another without stopping. * /Mr. Jones is very nervous. He chain smokes cigars./[chain smoker] {n.} * /Mr. Jones is a chain smoker./ [chain smoking] {adj.} or {n.} * /Chain smoking is very dangerous to …   Dictionary of American idioms chain-smoke — {v.} To smoke cigarettes or cigars one after another without stopping. * /Mr. Jones is very nervous. He chain smokes cigars./[chain smoker] {n.} * /Mr. Jones is a chain smoker./ [chain smoking] {adj.} or {n.} * /Chain smoking is very dangerous to …   Dictionary of American idioms chain-smoke — UK / US verb [intransitive/transitive] Word forms chain smoke : present tense I/you/we/they chain smoke he/she/it chain smokes present participle chain smoking past tense chain smoked past participle chain smoked to smoke one cigarette… …   English dictionary chain-smoke — verb smoke one cigarette after another; light one cigarette from the preceding one • Derivationally related forms: ↑chain smoker • Hypernyms: ↑smoke • Verb Frames: Somebody s * * * ˈchain smoke [chain smoke …   Useful english dictionary 18+ © Academic, 2000-2024 Contact us: Technical Support, Advertising Dictionaries export, created on PHP, Joomla, Drupal, WordPress, MODx. Mark and share Search through all dictionaries Translate… Search Internet Share the article and excerpts Direct link … Do a right-click on the link above and select “Copy Link”