- Aikido styles
There are a variety of aikido styles. The larger and better known styles each have their own headquarters in
Japan and an international breadth. The first generation styleaikikai is still associated with the family of the founder of Nihongo|aikido |合気道|aikidō,Morihei Ueshiba . Second generation styles were founded by direct students of the founder. A number of additional styles of developed over time, some of which are notable in their own right through their size or historical association. These styles are distinct from independentdojo s or small dojo clusters.The above styles can trace their lineage through senior students back to Morihei Ueshiba. Two other well known
martial art s use the term "aikido" but are not derived from the teachings of Morihei Ueshiba. They areKorindo Aikido founded byMinoru Hirai and Nihon Goshin Aikido founded by Shodo Morita.First generation
The largest organization is the Aikikai Foundation, referred to as
Aikikai . This style has remained centered on the family of Morihei Ueshiba, and is currently headed by the founder's grandson,Moriteru Ueshiba (植芝 守央 "Ueshiba Moriteru", born 1951).cite encyclopedia
last = Shishida
first = Fumiaki
title = Aikido
encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Aikido
date =
url = http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=626]econd generation
Second generation styles of Nihongo|Aikido|合気道|aikidō were founded by direct students of
Morihei Ueshiba .The earliest independent styles to emerge were
*Yoshinkan Aikido founded byGozo Shioda in 1955, [cite encyclopedia
last = Pranin
first = Stanley
title = Yoshinkan Aikido
encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Aikido
date =2006
url = http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=785]
*Yoseikan Aikido , begun byMinoru Mochizuki in 1931,cite encyclopedia
last = Pranin
first = Stanley
title = Mochizuki, Minoru
encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Aikido
date = 2006
url = http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=474] and
*Shodokan Aikido, founded byKenji Tomiki in 1967. [cite book
last = Shishido
first = Fumiaki
authorlink = Fumiaki Shishida
coauthors = Nariyama, Tetsuro
title = Aikido: Tradition and the Competitive Edge
publisher = Shodokan Publishing USA
date = 2002
isbn = 978-0964708327]
*Manseikan Aikido (万生館合氣道), founded in 1954 byKanshu Sunadomari (砂泊扶 カン秀 "Sunadomari Kanshū", born 1923), is an independent style centred inKyūshū , Japan.The emergence of these styles pre-dated Ueshiba's death and did not cause any major upheavals when they were formalized, with the exception of Shodokan Aikido, which caused some controversy as it introduced a unique rule-based competition that some felt was contrary to the spirit of Aikido.After Ueshiba's death, additional second generation styles emerged:
*
Ki Society - Another event that caused significant controversy was the departure of the Aikikai Honbu Dojo's chief instructorKoichi Tohei , in 1974. Tohei left as a result of a disagreement with the son of the founder,Kisshomaru Ueshiba (植芝 吉祥丸 "Ueshiba Kisshōmaru", 1921–1999), who at that time headed the Aikikai Foundation. The disagreement was over the proper role of "ki" development in regular aikido training. After Tohei left, he formed his own style, called Shin Shin Toitsu Aikido, and the organization which governs it, theKi Society . [cite encyclopedia
last = Pranin
first = Stanley
title = Tohei, Koichi
encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Aikido
date =2006
url = http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=701]
*Iwama Ryu - This style evolved from Ueshiba's retirement in Iwama, Japan, and the teaching methodology of long term studentMorihiro Saito . It is unofficially referred to as the "Iwama style ". Although Iwama style practitioners remained part of the Aikikai until Saito's death in 2002, followers of Saito subsequently split into two groups; one remaining with the Aikikai and the other forming the independent organization Nihongo|Shinshin Aikishuren Kai|神信合気修練会 in 2004 around Saito's sonHitohiro Saito (斎藤 仁弘 "Saitō Hitohiro", born 1957).*The Kokusai Aikidō Kenshūkai Kobayashi Hirokazu Ha, or
Kobayashi aikido , was founded byHirokazu Kobayashi .Third & later generation
A number of additional styles of developed over time. These "styles" are distinct from independent
dojo s or small dojo clusters.*Shin'ei Taido (親英体道 "Shin'ei Taidō") is a style closely related to aikido, founded in 1956 by
Noriaki Inoue (井上 鑑昭 "Inoue Noriaki", 1902–1994), a nephew and pre-war student Morihei Ueshiba. [cite encyclopedia
last = Pranin
first = Stanley
title = Shin'ei Taido
encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Aikido
date =2006
url = http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=603]
*Tendoryu Aikido (天道流合気道 "Tendō-ryū Aikidō"); founded byKenji Shimizu (清水 健二 "Shimizu Kenji", born 1940) in 1982. Founded the "Shimizu Dojo" in 1969, renamed it the Tendokan (天道館 "Tendōkan") in 1975.
*Kokikai Aikido International; founded in 1986 by Shuji Maruyama ("Maruyama Shuji", born 1940).Gaku Homma, [http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=273 "Silent Pioneer: Shuji Maruyama Sensei, Kokikai Founder,"]Aikido Journal , November 17, 2002] [Brian Ashenfelder, [http://www.us.emb-japan.go.jp/jicc/EJN_vol2_no5.htm "Aikido: Traditional Martial Art or New Age Fad?,"] Japan Now,Vol. 2, No. 5 (March 21, 2006)] [Gaku Homma, [http://www.aikidojournal.com/article.php?articleID=522 "A New Leader in Iwama,"]Aikido Journal , March 8th, 2004] [cite encyclopedia
last = Pranin
first = Stanley
title = Maruyama, Shuji
encyclopedia = Encyclopedia of Aikido
date =2006
url = http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia?entryID=457]
*Fugakukai International Association , founded in 1982, has roots in the Shodokan style, but without the competition element.
*Yoshokai ; founded in 1991 by Takashi Kushida (串田 誉司 "Kushida Takashi", born 1935), a senior instructor of Yoshinkan aikido.
*Aikido Yuishinkai International ; founded in 1996 byKoretoshi Maruyama (born 1936).
*Keijutsukai Aikido (警術会合気道). TheKeijutsukai (Police/Security Techniques Association) was officially established in February 1980, in Tokyo. Founded byThomas H. Makiyama born in 1928. [ [http://www.aikidojournal.com/encyclopedia.php?entryID=375 Aikido Journal entry for Keijutsukai] ] [cite book | last =Bennett| first = Gary | title = Aikido Techniques and Tactics | publisher = Human Kinetics Europe Ltd| date = 1997| pages = p 24| isbn = 978-0880115988]Unrelated arts using the term "Aikido"
The above styles can trace their lineage through senior students back to the founder of aikido, Morihei Ueshiba. Two further well known martial arts use the name aikido but do not have this direct connection. They are
Korindo Aikido founded byMinoru Hirai (平井 稔 "Hirai Minoru", 1903–1998) and Nihon Goshin Aikido (日本護身合気道 "Nihon Goshin Aikidō") founded by Shodo Morita ("Morita Shodo", fl. c.1930s–1962). These schools, with some historical justification, suggest that the name aikido is not the exclusive domain of arts derived from the teachings of Morihei Ueshiba.References
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.