Nguyễn Văn Lém

Nguyễn Văn Lém (referred to as Captain Bay Lop) (died 1 February 1968 in Saigon) was a member of the Viet Cong who was summarily executed in Saigon during the Tet Offensive. The execution was captured on film by photojournalist Eddie Adams, and the momentous image became a symbol of the hostility of war. The execution was explained at the time as being the consequence of Lém's suspected guerrilla activity and war crimes, and otherwise due to a general "wartime mentality."

Biography

On the second day of Tet, amid fierce street fighting, Lém was captured and brought to Brigadier General Nguyễn Ngọc Loan, then Chief of the Republic of Viet Nam National Police. Using his personal sidearm, General Loan summarily executed Lém in front of AP photographer Eddie Adams and NBC television cameraman Vo Suu. The photograph and footage were broadcast worldwide, galvanizing the anti-war movement; Adams won a 1969 Pulitzer Prize for his photograph.

South Vietnamese sources said that Lém commanded a Viet Cong assassination and revenge platoon, which on that day had targeted South Vietnamese National Police officers, or in their stead, the police officers' families. Photographer Adams confirmed the South Vietnamese account, although he was only present for the execution. Lém's widow confirmed that her husband was a member of the Viet Cong and she did not see him after the Tet Offensive began. Shortly after the execution, a South Vietnamese official who had not been present said that Lém was only a political operative.

Though military lawyers have yet to definitively decide whether Loan's action violated the Geneva Conventions for treatment of prisoners of war (Lém had not been wearing a uniform; nor was he, it is alleged, fighting enemy soldiers at the time), where POW status was granted independently of the laws of war it was limited to Viet Cong seized during military operations [cite book
url=http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/vietnam/law-war/law-04.htm
title=Vietnam Studies: Law at War: Vietnam 1964-1973
chapter=Prisoners of War and War Crimes
author=Major General George S. Prugh
publisher=US Army Center of Military History
year=1975
accessdate=2006-10-24] .

See also

*Phan Thị Kim Phúc

References

External links

* [http://www.newseum.org/warstories/interviews/mp3/journalists/bio.asp?ID=22 Account of the execution and photograph spoken by the photographer Eddie Adams] .
* [http://www.wellesley.edu/Polisci/wj/Vietimages/vcexec.htm General Nguyễn Ngọc Loan's Obituary] from "The New York Times", July 16, 1998.
* [http://www.digitaljournalist.org/issue0410/faas.html The Saigon Execution] , a thorough account by an AP photo editor including research after the war.