Loose smut

Loose smut

Taxobox
color = lightblue
name = "Ustilago nuda"
regnum = Fungi
phylum = Basidiomycota
classis = Ustilaginomycetes
subclassis = Ustilaginomycetidae
ordo = Ustilaginales
familia = Ustilaginaceae
genus = "Ustilago"
species = "U. nuda"
binomial = "Ustilago nuda"
binomial_authority = (C.N. Jensen) Rostr.cite web
url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=199384
title=Index Fungorum - Names Record
publisher=www.speciesfungorum.org
accessdate=2008-03-15
last=
first=] (1889)
subspecies =
subspecies_authority =
synonyms =

Loose smut of barley is caused by "Ustilago nuda".cite book
last = Martens
first = J.W.
coauthors = W.L. Seaman, T.G. Atkinson
title = Diseases of field crops in Canada
publisher = Canadian Phytopathological Society
date = 1984
pages = 160 pp ] It is a disease that can destroy a large proportion of a barley crop.

Symptoms

Loose smut first becomes visible at heading time. Masses of smut spores replace the entire head of plants, except for the rachis. Smutted heads often emerge before healthy heads. Spores are dislodged and scattered by wind soon after emergence. The fungus infects open flowers and becomes established in the embryo of the developing seed. The spore masses look like those of false loose smut, but are lighter in color.

Management

The presence of loose smut in barley seed can be tested for. To reduce the incidence of this disease it is recommended to grow smut-free seed. Treat seed with effective, registered seed treatments.

Varieties

Varieties of "Ustilago nuda" are:
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "foliicola" Trotter
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "hordei" C.N. Jensen,
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "nuda" (C.N. Jensen) Rostr.
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "tritici" G.W. Fisch. & C.G. Shaw

References

External links

Extension publications

[http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-22C871BE2A0105794A2568B30004D413-3C5B474B480825C8CA256BC700824574-78F1BBD6496F89034A256DEA00274EEC-6D8A09E00B5C0F7CCA25723C002122DE?open Australia]
[http://www.sac.ac.uk/consultancy/cropclinic/clinic/diseases/loosesmut Scotland]
[http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/smgrains/pp894w.htm US: North Dakota]
[http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=104 US: Oregon]

Research articles

cite journal
last = Thomas
first = P.L.
title = An albino strain of Ustilago nuda from Canada
journal = CJPP
volume = 6
pages = 98–100
date = 1984
url = http://www.cps-scp.ca/download/cjpp-archive/Vol6/CJPP6(2)98-100(1984).pdf

cite journal
last = Thomas
first = P.L.
title = Recombination of virulence genes following hybridization between isolates of Ustilago nuda infecting barley under natural conditions
journal = CJPP
volume = 6
pages = 101–104
date = 1984
url = http://www.cps-scp.ca/download/cjpp-archive/Vol6/CJPP6(2)101-104(1984).pdf

cite journal
last = Martin
first = R.A.
coauthors = L.V. Edgington
title = Effect of temperature on efficacy of triadimenol and fenapanil to control loose smut of barley
journal = CJPP
volume = 2
pages = 201–204
date = 1980
url = http://www.cps-scp.ca/download/cjpp-archive/Vol2/CJPP2(4)201-204(1980).pdf


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • loose smut — n. any of various diseases of cereal grasses caused by smut fungi (esp. genus Ustilago) that cover the plant with dustlike masses of spores * * * …   Universalium

  • loose smut — n. any of various diseases of cereal grasses caused by smut fungi (esp. genus Ustilago) that cover the plant with dustlike masses of spores …   English World dictionary

  • loose smut — noun 1. disease of grains; the entire head is a dusty mass of spores • Hypernyms: ↑smut 2. a smut fungus of the genus Ustilago causing a smut disease of grains in which the entire head is transformed into a dusty mass of spores • Hypernyms: ↑smut …   Useful english dictionary

  • loose smut — noun Date: 1890 a smut disease of grains in which the entire head is transformed into a dusty mass of spores …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • False loose smut — Taxobox color = lightblue name = Ustilago nigra regnum = Fungi phylum = Basidiomycota classis = Ustilaginomycetes subclassis = Ustilaginomycetidae ordo = Ustilaginales familia = Ustilaginaceae genus = Ustilago species = U. nigra binomial =… …   Wikipedia

  • Smut (fungus) — The smuts are fungi, mostly Ustilaginomycetes (of the class Teliomycetae, subphylum Basidiomycota), that cause plant disease.Smuts affect grasses, notably including cereal crops such as maize. They initially attack the plant s reproductive system …   Wikipedia

  • smut fungus — noun any fungus of the order Ustilaginales • Syn: ↑smut • Derivationally related forms: ↑smut (for: ↑smut) • Hypernyms: ↑fungus • H …   Useful english dictionary

  • smut — A fungal disease of cereal grains caused by species of Ustilago and characterized by dark brown or black masses of spores on the plants; e.g., corn s. (U. maydis); loose s. of wheat (U. nuda) * * * smut smət n any of various destructive diseases… …   Medical dictionary

  • Covered smut (barley) — Ustilago hordei Result of covered smut on oat (1) and barley (2), illustration published in M. Cilenšek: Naše škodljive rastline (1892) Scientific classification Kingdom …   Wikipedia

  • covered smut — noun a smut fungus causing a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held together by the grain membranes • Hypernyms: ↑smut, ↑smut fungus * * * noun : a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held …   Useful english dictionary

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