- Loose smut
Taxobox
color = lightblue
name = "Ustilago nuda"
regnum =Fungi
phylum =Basidiomycota
classis =Ustilaginomycetes
subclassis =Ustilaginomycetidae
ordo =Ustilaginales
familia =Ustilaginaceae
genus = "Ustilago "
species = "U. nuda"
binomial = "Ustilago nuda"
binomial_authority = (C.N. Jensen )Rostr. cite web
url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=199384
title=Index Fungorum - Names Record
publisher=www.speciesfungorum.org
accessdate=2008-03-15
last=
first=] (1889)
subspecies =
subspecies_authority =
synonyms =Loose smut of barley is caused by "Ustilago nuda".cite book
last = Martens
first = J.W.
coauthors = W.L. Seaman, T.G. Atkinson
title = Diseases of field crops in Canada
publisher = Canadian Phytopathological Society
date = 1984
pages = 160 pp ] It is a disease that can destroy a large proportion of a barley crop.Symptoms
Loose smut first becomes visible at heading time. Masses of smut spores replace the entire head of plants, except for the rachis. Smutted heads often emerge before healthy heads. Spores are dislodged and scattered by wind soon after emergence. The fungus infects open flowers and becomes established in the embryo of the developing seed. The spore masses look like those of false loose smut, but are lighter in color.
Management
The presence of loose smut in barley seed can be tested for. To reduce the incidence of this disease it is recommended to grow smut-free seed. Treat seed with effective, registered seed treatments.
Varieties
Varieties of "Ustilago nuda" are:
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "foliicola"Trotter
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "hordei" C.N. Jensen,
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "nuda" (C.N. Jensen) Rostr.
*"Ustilago nuda" var. "tritici"G.W. Fisch. &C.G. Shaw References
External links
Extension publications
[http://www.dpi.vic.gov.au/dpi/nreninf.nsf/childdocs/-22C871BE2A0105794A2568B30004D413-3C5B474B480825C8CA256BC700824574-78F1BBD6496F89034A256DEA00274EEC-6D8A09E00B5C0F7CCA25723C002122DE?open Australia]
[http://www.sac.ac.uk/consultancy/cropclinic/clinic/diseases/loosesmut Scotland]
[http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/plantsci/smgrains/pp894w.htm US: North Dakota]
[http://plant-disease.ippc.orst.edu/disease.cfm?RecordID=104 US: Oregon]Research articles
cite journal
last = Thomas
first = P.L.
title = An albino strain of Ustilago nuda from Canada
journal = CJPP
volume = 6
pages = 98–100
date = 1984
url = http://www.cps-scp.ca/download/cjpp-archive/Vol6/CJPP6(2)98-100(1984).pdfcite journal
last = Thomas
first = P.L.
title = Recombination of virulence genes following hybridization between isolates of Ustilago nuda infecting barley under natural conditions
journal = CJPP
volume = 6
pages = 101–104
date = 1984
url = http://www.cps-scp.ca/download/cjpp-archive/Vol6/CJPP6(2)101-104(1984).pdfcite journal
last = Martin
first = R.A.
coauthors = L.V. Edgington
title = Effect of temperature on efficacy of triadimenol and fenapanil to control loose smut of barley
journal = CJPP
volume = 2
pages = 201–204
date = 1980
url = http://www.cps-scp.ca/download/cjpp-archive/Vol2/CJPP2(4)201-204(1980).pdf
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