Historical names of Nubia

Nubia is the term scholars use to refer to the land located south of Ancient Egypt from the city of Elephantine down to modern-day Khartoum. Nubia has been one of the earliest humanly inhabited lands in the world. Its history is tied to that of Egypt, from which it became independent from the 10th Century BC. Very rich in gold, Nubia has been the target of Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, Romans and later Arabs. Researches on the history of Nubia has allowed scholars to find several of its references.

Historical References to Nubia

Egyptians

Ancient Egyptians called Tanehsu, the land down south from the first cataract of the Nile River.In Tanehsu, they called the land between the first and second cataracts, Wawat. That region was very rich in gold. Egyptians exploited it for almost three millenniums. Napatans and Ptolemy II of Egypt exploited it as well.Later, During the Middle Kingdom, Egyptians called Mazzoi, the people who lived between the second and third cataracts. These people were employed as archers in the Egyptian Army.

The term Nubia came from Nobat, the name Egyptians used around the New Kingdom to refer to tribes living on their southern boundaries.

Greeks and Romans

Greeks occupied Egypt from the Ptolemaic Period (332-30BC), they called the land south of Egypt, Ethiopia. Romans adopted that name for Nubia when they came and defeated the Ptolemaic Dynasty.

Arabs and English

Arabs conquered Egypt in 641AD, and were planning to attack Bilad al-Sudan, "the land of the blacks". That was the name Arabs used to refer to Nubia. That name was still used in 1820, when Mohammed Ali Pasha or Mehmet Ali became the viceroy of Egypt. When The English came and conquererd the area, they adopted the name Sudan from the Arab term to refer to that area.

References

* El Mahdi, Mandour. 1965. A Short History of the Sudan. Pg 1-3. Oxford University Press.
* Shaw, Ian. 2000. The Oxford History of Ancient History. Oxford University Press.
* National Geographic. 2003. African adventure Atlas. National Geographic Maps
* Lobban Jr, Richard and Fluehr-Lobban, Carolyn and Kramer, Robert 2002 Historical Dictionary of the Sudan. African Historical Dictionaries. UK: The Scarecrow Press