Dryas

For other uses of Dryas or Drias see Dryas (disambiguation), Drias (disambiguation), Dryad (disambiguation), and Hamadryad (disambiguation).

Dryas ("oak") is the name of nine characters in Greek mythology

1. Dryas was the son of King Lycurgus, king of the Edoni in Thrace. He was killed when Lycurgus went insane ^[1] and mistook him for a mature trunk of ivy, a plant holy to the god Dionysus, whose cult Lycurgus was attempting to extirpate.

Resisting the arrival of the god, Lycurgus had pursued all of Dionysus' followers, the Maenads, with an ox-goad and imprisoned them^[2]; Dionysus was forced to flee to the undersea grotto of Thetis the sea nymph. Homer (Iliad 4) says that Zeus struck him blind; Dryas, the oak, is sacred to Zeus. The compiler of Bibliotheke (3.5.1) says that Dionysus drove Lycurgus insane. In his madness, Lycurgus pruned the corpse of Dryas of its nose, ears, fingers and toes: the land of Thrace dried up in horror. An oracle predicted that the land would stay dry and barren as long as Lycurgus was alive, so his people had him torn apart by wild horses. With Lycurgus dead, Dionysus lifted the curse. ^[3]

2. Dryas, father of the aforementioned Lycurgus, and thus grandfather of Dryas #1. In Iliad 1, Nestor numbers Dryas among an earlier generation of heroes of his youth, "the strongest men that Earth has bred, the strongest men against the strongest enemies, a savage mountain-dwelling tribe whom they utterly destroyed"; "Shepherd of the People", Nestor calls him (Iliad 1.263). No trace of such an oral tradition, which Homer's listeners would have recognized in Nestor's allusion, survived in literary epic. According to Homer, it was him who Lycurgus killed.

3. Dryas, the son of Ares or of Iapetus. He was involved in the hunt for the Calydonian Boar and fought with the Lapiths against the Centaurs. His brother, Tereus, falsely believing that he was plotting to kill his son, murdered him.^[4]

4. Dryas the seer, father of Municus.

5. Dryas, one of the suitors of Pallene, daughter of Sithon. He was killed by Clitus, who then went on to marry Pallene.

6. Dryas, father of Amphilochus.

7. Dryas, one of the sons of Aegyptus and Polyxo. He married (and was murdered by) Hecabe or Eurydice, daughter of Danaus and the naiad Caliadne, daughter of Nilus and Polyxo's sister. ^[5]

8. Dryas, a chieftain from Tanagra he brought 1000 archers with him to defend Thebes against the Seven Against Thebes. He died in battle, felled by an unknown hand. ^[6]

9. Dryas, a Greek warrior killed, during the Trojan War, by Deiphobus. ^[7]

References

1. ^ Homer calls him mainomenos, "mad like a maenad" Iliad 4.130-40.
2. ^ The mytheme of the resistance to Dionysus' arrival and the god's retaliation is repeated in numerous contexts. "A myth of arrival whose main themes were resistance to the new cult, which the people did not understand, and persecution of the god and the women who worshiped him, was current in various regions on the mainland" (Kerenyi 196:175).
3. ^ Apollodorus, Library, 3.5.1
4. ^ Hyginus, Fabulae, 159, 173.
5. ^ CALIADNE : Naiad nymph of the Nile in Egypt ; Greek mythology : KALIADNE
6. ^ Statius, Thebaid, 9.841
7. ^ Quintus Smyrnaeus, The Fall of Troy, 11.90

• Robert Graves, (1955) 1960. The Greek Myths 27.e.
• Homer, Iliad vi. 530-40.
• Karl Kerenyi, 1976. Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life (Princeton: Bollingen) Translated by Ralph Manheim.