Fort Recovery, Tortola

Fort Recovery is a fort on the West End of Tortola in the British Virgin Islands. In historical records, the fort is often referred to as Tower Fort, and the area around the fort is still referred to as "Towers" today.

The site was originally an earthen fort which was probably built by the Dutch privateer Joost van Dyk in 1620, when the truce which had existed between the Dutch and the Spanish in Puerto Rico.

Somewhere between 1623 and 1630, Fort Recovery was believed to have been used as a barracks for wounded and ill soldiers; this is where the name Fort Recovery is believed to have been derived. [ [http://www.fortrecovery.com/tortola/History.htm Fort Recovery Beachfront Villas "History of Fort Recovery" (retrieved 16 February 2007)] . However, the information may not be entirely accurate, as it refers to British soldiers, but Britain did not establish a garrison in the Territory until well after 1672. Nor did the Dutch establish a garrison, as the settlements by Jost Van Dyke and his compatriots were essentially private enterprises, with only tacit support from the Dutch West India Company. Accordingly, it is likely that these dates are mistaken, and are more likely to refer to 1723 to 1730.]

The Fort was later abandoned when the Territory fell into decline after the British seized control of the islands in 1672. However, during the turbulent colonial era commencing with the American war of independence and extending to the Napoleonic wars the fort was rebuilt in its current form.

The fort itself is of a tower structure. The fort is a very early example of a Martello Tower, a type of fortification used extensively along the British south-east coastline during the Napoleonic wars.

The location of the fort is somewhat unusual in that it is built close to the sea, on level ground (instead on in an elevated position on the hills rising behind it) and not close to either a port or population source. It has been suggested that the fort was built to protect a freshwater pond which was located near the area. [ [http://www.bviwelcome.com/articles/forts/index.html The BVI Welcome Online "The BVI's Formidable Forts" (retrieved 16 February 2007)] ] This is plausible; Tortola has no rivers, so wells and freshwater ponds were precious resources. The other possibility is that the fort was built on the trail which linked Soper's Hole to Pockwood Pond and Road Town; previous Spanish attacks had landed in Soper's Hole and then proceeded overland to Pockwood Pond and Road Town - it would be difficult to effectively fortify Soper's Hole against Spanish cannon, but a fort on the soldier's overland route could delay an attack and prevent another massacre of the type which occurred in 1646. The difficult with the latter theory is that it would still not explain why the fort was not elevated, and it is not clear whether the fort was erected before or after the attacks of 1646 and 1647 (but it seems more likely that it was actually built before).

When the British rebuilt the fort, the Martello Tower was clearly added to try and compensate for the lack of elevation of the cannon at the Fort.

The fort fell into disrepair again in the early 1800s when the main theater of conflict moved from the colonies to mainland Europe, and the economies of the islands were insufficient for its upkeep. It may also have been that, if the fort was designed to protect a source of freshwater, when the source dried up (there is no freshwater pond there today) the necessity for the fort disappeared.

A Hotel is now built around the Tower.

ources

* Isaac Dookhan, "History of the British Virgin Islands", ISBN 0-85935-027-4
* Vernon Pickering, "A Concise History of the British Virgin Islands", ISBN 0-934139-05-9

External links

* [http://www.bviwelcome.com/articles/forts/index.html The BVI's Formidable Forts]

Footnotes