Weohstan

Weohstan, "Wēohstān" or "Wīhstān" (Proto-Norse *"Wīhastainaz", meaning "sacred stone" [cite web| url=http://www.sofi.se/images/NA/pdf/urnord.pdf |title=Lexikon över urnordiska personnamn | last=Peterson |first=Lena |year=2007 |publisher=Swedish Institute for Language and Folklore|pages=p.40(Lexicon of nordic personal names before the 8th century)] , Old Norse "Vésteinn" and "Wǣstēn" [Nerman, B. "Det svenska rikets uppkomst". Stockholm, 1925. p. 79.] ) is a legendary character who appears in the Anglo-Saxon epic poem "Beowulf" and scholars have pointed out that he also appears to be present in the Norse "Kálfsvísa". [ [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=240367 "Beowulf and some fictions of the Geatish succession" by Frederick M. Biggs] .]

In both "Beowulf" and "Kálfsvísa", Weohstan ("Vésteinn") fought for his king Onela ("Áli") against Eadgils ("Aðils").

"Beowulf"

According to "Beowulf", Weohstan is the father of Wiglaf, and he belongs to a clan called the "Wægmundings". Ecgþeow, the father of Beowulf, also belonged to this clan, so Weohstan is in some degree related to Beowulf.

Weohstan is referred to as having died of old age before the action of the later part of the poem. Weohstan is first mentioned in "Beowulf" at line 2602. We learn that he had held an estate and rights in common land in Geatland, which Beowulf gave to him [Lines 2606-8.] .

When the Scylfing prince Eanmund rebelled against his uncle, Onela, the king of Sweden, Weohstan fought in the service of Onela and killed Eanmund in battle; for this Onela gave Weohstan Eanmund's sword and armor [Lines 2610-19.] . In his old age, Weohstan gave this sword and armor to his son Wiglaf [Lines 2623-25.] . By that time both Weohstan and Wiglaf "lived among the Geats" [Line 2623.] . His name appears in several places where Wiglaf is described as "the son of Weohstan" [Lines 2752, 2602, 2862, 2907, 3076, 3110, 3120.)] .

The scholar Frederick Klaeber speculates that though Onela himself did not seek a feud with Weohstan, once Onela was dead and Eanmund's brother Eadgils became king of the Swedes, Weohstan found it prudent to leave the service of the Scylfings, and this is how he came to be living among the Geats [Klaeber, "Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg", Third Edition, D.C. Heath and Co., Lexington, MA, 1922.] .

"Kálfsvísa"

In the part of Snorri Sturluson's "Skáldskaparmál" which is called the "Kálfsvísa", the name Weohstan appears in its Old Norse form "Vésteinn". Moreover, he is mentioned together with his lord Onela (Áli) and enemy Eadgils (Aðils), and the section concerns the Battle on the Ice of Lake Vänern [Nerman, B. "Det svenska rikets uppkomst". Stockholm, 1925. pp. 102-103.] after which the exile suggested by Klaeber would have taken place:

The section apparently mentions Weohstan and his fellow warriors riding together with their king Onela out on the ice, where they meet Eadgils. Unfortunately, the skald of the "Kálfsvísa" expected the listener to be familiar with these characters and mentions no more of what happened. However, as is told in passing in "Beowulf" and more in detail by Snorri, Eadgils won the battle.

=References=