- Indalecio Prieto
Indalecio Prieto Tuero (
April 30 ,1883 -February 11 ,1962 ) was a Spanish politician, one of the leading figures of theSpanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) in the years before and during theSecond Spanish Republic .Biography
Born in
Oviedo in 1883, his father died when he was six years old; his mother moved him toBilbao in 1891. From a young age, he survived by selling magazines in the street; he eventually obtained work as a stenographer at the daily newspaper "La Voz de Vizcaya". This led to a position as a copy editor and later a journalist at rival daily "El Liberal"; his career there eventually made him the director and proprietor Fact|date=February 2007.In 1899 he joined the PSOE. As a journalist in the first decade of the 20th century, Prieto became a leading figure of
socialism in the Basque Country.Spain's neutrality in
World War I greatly benefited Spanish industry and commerce, but those benefits were not reflected in the workers' salaries. This led to a great deal of social unrest, culminating onAugust 13 ,1917 in arevolution arygeneral strike . Fear of a repetition of the then-recentFebruary Revolution inRussia (theOctober Revolution was still to come), the general strike was harshly put down by the military, and the members of the strike committee were arrested inMadrid . Having been involved in the organization of the strike, Prieto fled toFrance before he could be arrested; he did not return until April 1918, by which time he had been elected to theSpanish Congress of Deputies .Very critical of the actions of the government and army during the
Rif War orWar of Melilla (1919-1926; "seeAbd el-Krim ") he spoke out strongly in the Congress after theBattle of Annual (1921), as well as on the more than probable, though unproven, responsibility of the king in the imprudent military actions of generalFernández Silvestre in theMelilla command zone.Opposed to
Francisco Largo Caballero 's line of partial collaboration with the dictatorship ofMiguel Primo de Rivera , he had bitter confrontations with both of them.In August 1930 he participated on his own behalf, despite the opposition of Julián Besteiro, in the
Pact of San Sebastián , which included a broad coalition of republican parties that wished to do away with the Spanish monarchy. In this matter he had the support of Largo's wing of the party, who believed that the fall of the monarchy was necessary in order that socialism could come to power.When the
Second Spanish Republic was proclaimed onApril 14 ,1931 , he was named Finance Minister in the provisional government presided over byNiceto Alcalá Zamora .As Minister of Public Works in the 1931-1933 government of
Manuel Azaña , he continued and expanded the policy of hydroelectric projects begun during the Primo de Rivera dictatorship, as well as the ambitious plan of infrastructural improvements in Madrid, such as the newChamartín railway station and the tunnel under Madrid linking it toAtocha Station; most of these works that would not be completed until after the 1936-1939Spanish Civil War . Fact|date=February 2007Unlike Largo, he opposed the
general strike and the failed armed rising of October 1934; nonetheless he again fled to France to escape possible prosecution. While, prior to the period of the Republic, Prieto had arguably maintained a "harder" line than Largo, from this time forward he would be identified as a relative moderate, opposed to Largo's more revolutionary tendency.At the beginning of the Civil War in September 1936, after the fall of Talavera de la Reina, in Toledo province, Largo became head of the government and Prieto became Minister of Marine and Air.
After the May 3–8, 1937 events in
Barcelona when theCommunists and government forces tried to establish control over theWorkers' Party of Marxist Unification (POUM) and the anarchistConfederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), the government of Largo was supplanted by that ofJuan Negrín , with Prieto designated Minister of Defense, although, privately, he recognized that the war could not be won because the Republican side lacked support from the democratic powers such asFrance , theUnited Kingdom , and theUnited States Fact|date=February 2007. During his ministry maritime access for Soviet material aid remained effectively cut off by the attacks of Italiansubmarines and the French frontier remained closed.After the defeat on the northern front in October 1937, he offered his resignation, which was rejected. He finally left the government after the March 1938 defeat on the
Aragón front, following an escalating dispute with theCommunists .He refrained from active political life for the remainder of the war, exiling himself to
Mexico . In 1945, toward the end ofWorld War II , he was one of those who attempted to form a republican government in exile, hoping to reach an accord with the monarchist opposition toFrancisco Franco , ruler of Spain since the end of the Civil War, with at view to restoring Spanish democracy. The failure of this initiative led to his definitive retirement from active politics.In Mexico, he wrote several books, among them: "Palabras al viento" ("Words in the Wind", 1942), "Discursos en América" ("Discourses in America", 1944) and at the end of his life, "Cartas a un escultor: pequeños detalles de grandes sucesos" ("Letters to a sculptor: small details of great events" 1962).
References
* [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPprieto.htm Spartacus biography]
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