Trochenbrod

Trochenbrod or Trochinbrod in Russian ( _uk. Трохимбрід, "Trokhymbrid") was a Jewish shtetl (village) with an area 1,728 acres once located in what is now western Ukraine but which used to be a part of Poland, about 30 kilometers northeast (although the coordinates above place it about 19 kilometers south southeast) of Lutsk. It was also known as Sofievka or Zofiówka in Polish, named after Sofia, a Russian princess who donated land for the Jewish settlement.Barco, Eleazar. [http://members.tripod.com/sokolowg/troch.htm Trochinbrod - (Zofiowka)] (translated from Hebrew by Karen Engel)]

History

Trochenbrod was founded in 1835, initially a farming colony which grew into a small town. The population grew from around 1,200 (235 families) in 1889 to 1,580 in 1897.

During the Polish-Soviet War, the town was captured by Poland. By 1938 the town's exclusively Jewish population had grown to at least 3,000. Most of the population were engaged in farming, dairy farming, or tanning.

There were seven synagogues in Trochenbrod. In 1939, the town, along with the rest of Western Ukraine, was invaded by the Soviet Union (see Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact). The rabbi at this time was Rabbi Gershon Weissmann. The Communists exiled him to Siberia after accusing him of being involved in underground salt trading.

When Nazi Germany later occupied Ukraine, they established a ghetto at Trochenbrod, bringing in Jews from nearby villages and towns. The Trochenbrod ghetto was liquidated by the Nazis in August and September 1942.Katchanovski, Ivan. [http://www.praguepost.com/P03/2004/Art/1007/opin1.php/ "Everything Is Illuminated", Not!] in "The Prague Post" (October 7, 2004)] Most of the Jews of Trochenbrod as well as of the neighbouring village Lozisht were killed, as were the other Jews of Volhynia. The local police force consisting mostly of Ukrainians helped to round up the Jews, however, Ukrainian partisans from the nearest village, Klubochyn, assisted a Jewish resistance group in Trochenbrod and took up military action against the Nazis. No more than 200 Jews from the Trochenbrod ghetto and nearby areas survived the massacre. The village itself was totally destroyed by fire. Now only fields and a forest can be found there. The Ukrainian partisans of Klubochyn were also liquidated for their assistance to Trochenbrod Jews and their resistance to the Nazis.

A few of the inhabitants managed to escape the execution and destruction. At the end of the war, the survivors numbered between 33 and 40; most were found in the area near Lutsk.

Trochenbrod in fiction

A fictional version of the shtetl, "Trachimbrod", was featured in the 2002 novel "Everything Is Illuminated" by Jonathan Safran Foer as well as in the 2005 film based on the novel.

Safran Foer's story describes fictional events in the village between 1791, the year in which the shtetl was first named, and 1941, when it was destroyed in the war. Safran Foer's protagonist (who goes by the author's name and also by the name "The Hero") comes to Ukraine to look for a woman named Augustine, who saved his grandfather in the war.

ee also

*Lozisht
* [http://bet-tal.com/index.aspx?id=2404 Trochenbrod & Lozisht community website]

Notes

References

*|language=Hebrew| a book about the combined towns of Trochenbrod and Lozisht