- San Leucio
Infobox World Heritage Site
WHS = 18th-Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli, and the San Leucio Complex
State Party = ITA
Type = Cultural
Criteria = i, ii, iii, iv
ID = 549
Region = Europe and North America
Year = 1997
Session = 21st
Link = http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/549San Leucio is a "
frazione " of the "comune " ofCaserta , in the region ofCampania in southernItaly . It is most notable for a resort developed around an old silk factory.Geography
It is located 3.5 km north-west of Caserta, at 145 m above sea level.
History
In 1750
Charles VII of Naples selected this place, originally the site of a royal hunting lodge for theAcquaviva family (now restored, and known as "Palazzo del Belvedere"), for an unusual social and tecnological experiment, a different model of production based on technical innovation and alert to the needs of workers. In its early days, San Leucio resort was a place for pleasure and a royal hunting preserve, built on the ruins of Saint Leucio church, where an aqueduct carried water to the waterfalls of the RoyalCaserta Palace , designed by Vanvitelli. The son of Charles, Ferdinand I, had a hunting lodge built for himself on this site. He was a very skillful hunter who disliked the pleasures and luxury of court life. It was here that Charles and the young king Ferdinand built a silk factory. The complex was transformed into a silk production site and industrial buildings were added, which was quite unique in late 18th-century Europe. Architect Francesco Collecini designed these industrial buildings, where noisy looms were installed next to royal apartments and a sitting room became a chapel for the workers.A new village was built for workers' residences, and a large community of silk weavers grew into this industrial town, which in 1789 was deemed the "Real Colonia dei Setaioli" (the Silk Weavers Royal Colony). The king had planned to expand it into a true new city, called
Ferdinandopoli , but the project was halted by the French invasion.In San Leucio the most advanced technologies known in Europe at the time were used throughout the process to obtain the finished products. The members of the colony had a privileged status with a modern social security system. The revolution of
1799 stopped the complete realization of the Ferdinandopoli, but San Leucio resort had further growth during the French rule from1806 to1815 .Today
The heritage of King Ferdinand still survives today in the local silk and textile firms, which work on an international scale to elite foreign clients as the Buckingham Palace, the White House, the Quirinale Palace, the Palazzo Chigi.
San Leucio resort is home to a Living Silk Museum with some original old looms and machinery restored and displayed inside the Belvedere courtyard, showing all the phases of silk productions, from the old looms and machinery to finished products.
From 1997 San Leucio resort is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in Europe as part of the site "18th Century Royal Palace at Caserta with the Park, the Aqueduct of Vanvitelli and the San Leucio Complex".
From 1999 in summer months at San Leucio the Leuciana Festival is held, to promote the Belvedere of San Leucio and its park.
Notes and references
External links
* [http://www.reggiadicaserta.altervista.org/san_leucio.html Photos and history of San Leucio]
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