USS LST-494

The USS LST-494 was a U.S. Navy amphibious tank landing ship that saw combat during World War II in both the European and Pacific Theaters of War. LST stands for Landing Ship, Tank.

Buinding and Commissioning

USS LST 494's keel was laid down on August 10, 1943 at Evansville, Indiana by Missouri Valley Bridge and Iron Co. She was launched on October 11, 1943 and was commissioned on December 18, 1943. Command of the 494 was turned over to Lt. Irving C. Noyes of Colebrook, New Hampshire.

LSTs were 328 feet long, 50 feet wide with a displacement weight of 1,653 tons (4,080 tons fully loaded). They were powered from a Main Engine Room by two 900 horsepower General Motors V-12 engines (known as GM 567s) which were railroad engines adapted to marine use. Their maximum speed was approximately 11 knots. Additional engines in the Auxiliary Engine Room provided the ships with electricity. LST 494 was armed with a 3 inch/50 cal. gun on her stern (later replaced with a twin 40-mm gun) and multiple 40-mm and 20-mm anti-aircraft guns. In the European Theater LST 494 carried 6 LCVPs (Landing Craft Vehicle, Personnel), also known as “Higgins Boats”, each of which was armed with two .30-cal. machine guns. Invasion bound LSTs were manned by a crew of approximately 150.

LST 494 was first assigned to the European Theater of War. On March 10, 1944, she began her journey across the North Atlantic for England along with 71 other ships in Convoy SC 155. While crossing the Atlantic, LST 494 carried on her main deck LCT (Landing Craft Tank) 776.

Normandy Campaign

The 494 departed Plymouth, England on June 5, 1944 and became part of the largest amphibious force in the history of warfare. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, she made the initial assault on "bloody" Omaha Beach during the invasion of Normandy. The 494 landed 378 men of the U.S. Army`s 26th Infantry Regiment (known as the "Blue Spaders" from their distinctive spad-shaped regimental emblem). The 26th Regiment was part of the 1st Infantry Division ("The Big Red One"). Troops aboard the ship were under the command of Major James B. Carvey (West Point Class of 1939). Anti-aircraft fire from the 494 helped down a German Messerschmitt over the invasion beachhead. On June 6th LST 494 aided the USS LCT (Armored) 2037 that had been hit on her starboard side by enemy fire or a mine and was in danger of sinking. On July 7th, V-1 “buzz bombs” passed over LST 494 for many hours. One passed 300 feet over LST 494. LST 494 sailors saw American fighter planes shoot down a number of these aerial bombs. On July 10th LST 494 aided 17 officers and 320 men from the Polish cruiser Dragon. The Dragon had been torpedoed off the coast of Caen, France by a one man German mini-submarine on July 8 and had to be scuttled. LST 494 continued to support the invasion forces through mid-July 1944, by bringing in reinforcements and by operating as a hospital ship carrying wounded servicemen back to England. During the Normandy campaign, LST 494 transported and landed a total of 1,420 American and Canadian soldiers along with 577 tanks, trucks and other vehicles.

outhern France Campaign

The 494 was then ordered to travel through the Straits of Gibraltar for service in the Mediterranean and North Africa. On August 12, 1944, the 494 departed Naples, Italy and joined an allied fleet for the invasion of Southern France. The 494 landed troops from the U.S. Army`s 45th Infantry Division ("Thunderbird") on French soil on August 15, 1944. Several large German shells hit close to the 494 during the invasion, but fortunately missed their mark. During the Southern France campaign, LST 494 carried a total of 3,318 soldiers along with 717 tanks, trucks and other vehicles. Allied soldiers carried were American, Free French and French Moroccan Goums “Gourmiers” and “Senegalese fighters.” Lt. Commander Irving Chester Noyes received several Naval medals for his heroic efforts. All of his crew lived to fight another day. Under the command of Lt. Commander Noyes not a single man was lost from his crew during the Normandy Invasion to liberate the French from Nazi domination.

Okinawa Campaign

LST 494 arrived back in the United States in December 1944. She was re-fitted in order to serve as a supply ship for small mine craft. She was then assigned to the Asiatic-Pacific Theater of War. Command of the ship was turned over to Lt. Frank Van Deren Coke. After traversing the Panama Canal, the 494 left Seattle, Washington on April 15, 1945 for Pearl Harbor, Entiwetok and Guam. The next leg of her journey was to Tinian and Saipan. In June 1945, she participated in the latter stages of the fierce, kamikaze plagued assault and occupation of Okinawa Gunto. The 494 performed occupation duty in the Far East and saw China service immediately after the war.

Decommissioning

Upon her return to the United States, she was decommissioned on June 29, 1946 and struck from the Navy list on August 28th of that same year. On August 12, 1948, the 494 was sold to Bosey, Philippines and scrapped.

Campaign Medals and Battle Ribbons

The USS LST 494 was awarded the following campaign medals and battle ribbons for her gallant service to her country in two theaters of war: American Campaign Medal and Ribbon; European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal and Ribbon with 2 Battle Stars for the Invasions of Normandy and Southern France; Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal and Ribbon with 1 Battle Star for the assault and occupation of Okinawa-Gunto; Combat Action Ribbon; World War II Victory Medal and Ribbon; Navy Occupation Medal and Ribbon with Asia Clasp; China Service Medal and Ribbon. In 2004, LST 494 and her crew were awarded the Normandie Medal by the French government for their valiant service during the liberation of France in 1944.

External links

*http://lst494.freeyellow.com/
*http://www.navsource.org/archives/10/16/160494.htm
*http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/l18/lst-494.htm