Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill

Taxobox
name = Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill
status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1

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image_caption = male
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Chordata
classis = Aves
ordo = Coraciiformes
familia = Bucerotidae
genus = "Penelopides"
species = "P. exarhatus"
binomial = "Penelopides exarhatus"
binomial_authority = (Temminck, 1823)

The Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill ("Penelopides exarhatus"), also known as the Sulawesi Hornbill, Temminck's Hornbill or Sulawesi Dwarf Hornbill, is a relatively small, approximately 45 cm long, black hornbill. The male has a yellow face and throat, and black-marked yellowish-horn bill. The female has an all black plumage and a darker bill.

An Indonesian endemic, the Sulawesi Hornbill is distributed in the tropical lowland, swamps and primary forests of Sulawesi and nearby islands, from sea-level to altitude up to 1,100 metres. There are two subspecies of the Sulawesi Hornbill. The nominate subspecies, "P. e. exarhatus", occurs in northern Sulawesi. The second subspecies, "P. e. sanfordi" is found in central, east and south Sulawesi, Buton and Muna Island.

The Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill is a social species that lives in groups of up to 20 individuals. It is believed that only the dominant pair breeds, while the remaining members of the group act as helpers. The diet consists mainly of fruits, figs and insects. The female seals itself inside a tree hole for egg-laying. During this time, the male and helpers will provide food for the female and the young.

Widespread and common throughout its native range, the Sulawesi Tarictic Hornbill is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

References

* Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern

External links

* [http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/index.html?action=SpcHTMDetails.asp&sid=962&m=0 BirdLife Species Factsheet]
* [http://www.redlist.org/search/details.php?species=47615 IUCN Red List]
* Kemp, A. C. (2001). Family Bucerotidae (Hornbills). Pp. 436-523 in: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., & Sargatal, J. eds. (2001). "Handbook of the Birds of the World." Vol. 6. Mousebirds to Hornbills. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. ISBN 84-87334-30-X