Second migration to Abyssinia

:"This is a sub-article to Muhammad before Medina and Muhammad in Medina

Following the return from the First migration to Abyssinia, the Muslims continued to suffer Persecution by the Meccans The Sealed Nectar [http://www.sunnipath.com/Resources/PrintMedia/Books/B0033P0017.aspx] on sunnipath.com] . This time, in BH|6|616 almost one hundred Muslims made a second migration back to Ethiopia where they stayed protected [http://christdot.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=5095&hl Christdot :: Christ. Period. :: The "Satanic Verses": Did Muhammad (PBUH) Compromise Islam? ] ] .

After the Muslims in Arabia had migrated to Medina in AH|7|628 and attained security, the Muslims in Ethiopia migrated back to Arabia and reunited with them in Medina after six years absence .

History

Following the first migration to Abyssinia, the Meccan polytheists were on the alert for a second migration, however they were not able to stop the Muslims' escape .

econd migration

The second migration took place in 616 CE [http://www.witness-pioneer.org/vil/Books/MH_LM/from_the_beginning_of_revelation.htm witness-pioneer.org] ] . The group of emigrants this time comprised eighty three men and nineteen or, in some versions, eighteen women. Whether or not Ammar ibn Yasir was included is still a matter of doubt .

Delegation from Mecca

The Meccan polytheists did not appreciate that the Muslim had found a refuge, so they equipped ‘Amr ibn al-‘As and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Rabi‘a with valuable gifts and sent them to the court of Aksum. They became successful in winning some of the courtiers over to their side and argued that the King should expel the Muslims back to Mecca and made over to them, on the grounds that they had apostated and preached a religion alien to both the Meccan religion and Christianity, the official Aksumite religion .

First meeting

The king of Aksum, Ashama ibn Abjar in the Muslim tradition (Ella Seham and variants in the Ethiopian), summoned the Muslims to the court and asked them to explain the teachings of their religion. The Muslim emigrants had decided to tell the whole truth whatever the consequences were. Ja'far ibn Abu Talib, the son of Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib, the powerful Banu Hashim leader, stood up and addressed the king in the following words :

Ashama was impressed by the speech and asked for some of God's Revelations. Ja‘far recited the opening verses of Surah Maryam. The chapter is about the birth of John and Jesus, and Mary having been fed with the food miraculously . The story moved to tears the bishops and king who exclaimed: "It seems as if these words and those which were revealed to Jesus are the rays of the light which have radiated from the same source." Turning to the crest-fallen envoys of Quraish, he said, "I am afraid, I cannot give you back these refugees. They are free to live and worship in my realm as they please." .

econd meeting

The following day, the ‘Amr ibn al-‘As and ‘Abdullah bin Abi Rabi‘a went to the king and said that Muhammad and his followers blasphemed Jesus. Ja‘far again stood up and replied: "We speak about Jesus as we have been taught by our prophet, that is, he is the servant of Allâh, His Messenger, His spirit and his word breathed into Virgin Mary." The king replied, "Even so do we believe. Blessed be you, and blessed be your master." The king turned to the two frowning Meccan envoys and to his bishops who got angry, he said: "You may fret and fume as you like but Jesus is nothing more than what Ja‘far has said about him."

The King assured the Muslims full protection and returned the gifts to the envoys of Quraish and sent them away.

Return to Arabia

The Muslims lived in Abyssinia (Ethiopia) unmolested for a number of years. During this period were the Muslims in Arabia subjected to the Meccan boycott of the Hashemites (617), the Year of Sorrow (619), Muhammad's visit to Ta'if (620), the Isra and Mi'raj (621) and finally the Migration to Medina (622) . The Muslims in Ethiopia would not return to Arabia and reunited with their fellow Muslims in Medina until in AH|7|628 .

Undated events

Abu Bakr wished to spare A'isha the discomforts of a journey to Ethiopia and tried to bring forward her marriage to Mut`am's son. Mut`am refused because Abu Bakr had converted to Islam. [according to Tabari] During this migration, the prophet Muhammad married Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan while not present there, since her husband relapsed to Christianity.

They returned to Mecca after some years under the protection of Ashama ibn Abjar, the Emperor of Ethiopia.

List

Follows a list of those who fled. A '*' indicates that they were in the first wave of the migration.

Male

#Ja'far ibn Abu Talib [http://www.islamfortoday.com/companions.htm Biographies of the Companions of the Prophet ] ]
#Abu Bakr
#Uthman * [http://www.anwary-islam.com/prophet-life/holly-p-7.htm Sahabah Migation to Abyssina ] ] .
#Khalid ibn Said – was chosen by Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan to act as her legal guardian at her marriage to Muhammad.
#Abu Hudhayfah ibn Utbah
#Abdu ibn Jahsh [ [http://forums.almaghrib.org/showpost.php?p=20600&postcount=4 AlMaghrib Forums ] ]
#Abu Ubayda ibn al-Jarrah
#Khunais ibn Hudhaifa [ [http://www.islamweb.net/ver2/archive/article.php?lang=E&id=40070 IslamWeb ] ]
#Hisham ibn Al-Aas
#Abdur-Rahman ibn Awf
#Khalid ibn Sa'id ibn al-Aas was also present, although its uncertain if he was present from the start.
#Sakran, the first husband of Sawda bint Zama

Female

#Ruqayyah bint Muhammad * .
#Asma bint Umays [Historians state that she was present at Fatima's wedding ceremony, as well as that of Aisha. One theory states that Asma Bint Umais had actually immigrated with her husband to Habashah, but repeatedly returned to Mecca and Medina.]
#A'isha Fact|date=February 2007
#Umm Kulthum bint Muhammad – married to Uthman at the time.
#Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh – went to Abyssinia with his wife where he converted to Christianity and later died.
#Ramlah bint Abu Sufyan – was married to Ubayd-Allah ibn Jahsh, then remarried to Muhammad.
#Sawda bint Zama [http://www.inter-islam.org/Biographies/sawdah.htm Hazrat Sawdah ] ]

ee also

*Habesha
*Timeline of 7th century Islamic history

References