Zhang Han (general)

Zhang Han (general)

Zhang Han (章邯, ?? - 205 BC) was a Chinese general of the Qin Dynasty.

Biography

Zhang Han defeated the peasant rebellion led by Chen Sheng (陈胜) and Wu Guang (吴广) in 208 BC. Zhao Xie (赵歇), the Prince of Zhao, and Zhang Er (张耳) then led the remnants of the rebel forces to occupy Julu. Zhang Han consequently led a siege of Julu with 200,000 troops. The siege was relieved by Xiang Yu (项羽) in the famous battle of Julu (巨鹿之战).

In this battle, Xiang Yu destroyed his own army's cooking pots, scuttled his own army's boats, and gave only three days' of rations to his own army. Due to these actions, the fighting spirits of Xiang Yu's army were at its greatest. Subsequently, Xiang Yu's army defeated Zhang Han in nine battles without loss. (A Chinese idiom, 破釜沉舟, which means unaltered determination to win a battle, follows from this famous event.) Zhang Han then retreated to defend Jiyuan. He sent Sima Xin to seek reinforcements from the Qin dynasty.

After reinforcements from the Qin dynasty failed to arrive due to the machinations of Zhao Gao (赵高), Zhang Han surrendered his army of 200,000 Qin troops to Xiang Yu in 207 BC. While Zhang Han was allowed to live, his troops were ordered to be buried alive. Zhang Han was then made Prince of Yong (雍王). Together with two other surrendered Qin generals, Sima Xin, Prince of Sai (塞王司马欣) and Dong Yi, Prince of Zhai (翟王董翳), they were served as a buffer and guard to Liu Bang (刘邦) in Hanzhong (汉中) and known as Three Qin (三秦) in Chinese history. Han Xin (韩信) defeated Zhang Han's forces with a shrewd tactics (明修栈道, 暗渡陈仓) in 205 BC and Zhang were asked to surrender. Zhang Han did not want to dishonour himself by surrendering twice to two different factions in his life time, and committed suicide.


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать курсовую

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Zhang Han — may refer to:*Zhang Han (general) (? ndash;205 BC), a Chinese Qin Dynasty military officer *Zhang Han (official) (1511 ndash;1593), a Chinese Ming Dynasty scholar official *Chang Han, Taiwanese football player …   Wikipedia

  • Han Dynasty — 漢朝 ← 206 BCE–220 CE …   Wikipedia

  • Zhang Liang (Western Han) — Zhang Liang (張良, d. 189 BC), courtesy name Zifang (子房), formally Marquess Wencheng of Liu (留文成侯), was a distinguished statesman of the early Western Han period. Zhang was the descendant of a noble family of State of Hán during the Warring States… …   Wikipedia

  • Zhang Mao — (張茂) (277 324), courtesy name Chengxun (成遜), formally Prince Chenglie of (Former) Liang ((前)涼成烈王) (posthumous name given by Han Zhao) or Duke Cheng of Xiping (西平成公) (posthumous name used internally in Former Liang) was a ruler and the commonly… …   Wikipedia

  • Zhang Qian — verlässt Kaiser Wu. Frühe Tang Dynastie, Mogao Grotten. Zhang Qian (chinesisch 張騫 Zhāng Qiān, W. G. Chang Ch ien, * 195 v. Chr.; † 114 v. Chr.) war ein chinesischer Entdecker und kaiserlicher Gesandter im 2. Jahrhundert v. Chr., zur… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Han Xiu — (韓休) (672 739), courtesy name Liangshi (良士), New Book of Tang , vol. 73. [http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/073.htm] [http://www.sidneyluo.net/a/a17/table/form66.htm] ] formally Viscount Wenzhong of Yiyang (宜陽文忠子), was an official of the Chinese… …   Wikipedia

  • Zhang Bao — 張寶 (? 184) était un jeune frère de Zhang Jiao, son général et son plus fervent partisan pendant la révolte des Turbans Jaunes en 184. Il siège quelque temps à la cour de Dong Zhuo, puis est accusé de corruption et chassé. Il rejoint alors son… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zhang Qian — This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhang. Zhang Qian 張騫 Zhang Qian taking leave from emperor Han Wudi, for his expedition to Central Asia from 138 to 126 BCE, Mogao Caves mural, 618 712. Born …   Wikipedia

  • Han Gaozu — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Gaozu. Han Gaozu Portait de Han Gaozu Naissance …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Zhang Bao (Shu Han) — Chinese t=張苞 s=张苞Zhang Bao was the oldest son of the famous Shu Han general, Zhang Fei. There is little information on the historical personage, with Chen Shou s Records of Three Kingdoms merely stating that he died prematurely. Zhang Bao,… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
… Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”