Sudebnik of 1497

Sudebnik of 1497

Sudebnik of 1497 ("Судебник" in Russian, or Code of Law), a collection of laws, which was introduced by Ivan III and played a big part in the centralization of the Russian state, creation of the nationwide Russian Law and elimination of feudal division.

"Sudebnik" took its roots from Russkaya Pravda, Legal Code of Pskov, princely decrees, and common law, the regulations of which had been upgraded with reference to social and economic changes. Basically, "Subednik" was a collection of legal procedures. It established a universal system of the judicial bodies of the state, defined their competence and subordination, and regulated legal fees. "Sudebnik" expanded the range of acts, considered punishable by the standards of criminal justice (e.g., sedition, sacrilege, slander). It also renewed the concept of different kinds of a crime. "Sudebnik" established the investigative nature of legal proceedings. It provided different kinds of punishment, such as death penalty, flagellation etc. In order to protect the feudal landownership, "Sudebnik" introduced certain limitations in the law of estate, increased the term of limitation of legal actions with regards to princely lands, introduced flagellation for the violation of property boundaries of princely, boyar and monastic lands - violation of peasant land boundaries entailed a fine. "Sudebnik" also introduced a fee ("пожилое", or pozhiloye) for peasants who wanted to leave their feudal lord ("Крестьянский выход", or Krestiyansky vykhod), and also established a universal day (November 26) across the Russian state for peasants, who wanted to switch their masters ("Юрьев день", or Yuri’s Day).

ee also

*Russkaya Pravda
*Sudebnik of 1550
*Law of the Russian Federation
*Law of the Soviet Union

External links

* [http://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/sudebnik.html Sudebnik]


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