- André Le Nôtre
André Le Nôtre (
March 12 ,1613 –September 15 1700 ) was alandscape architect and the gardener of KingLouis XIV of France from 1645 to 1700. Most notably, he was responsible for the construction of the park of thePalace of Versailles . His planning was significant as well: at theTuileries he extended the vista westward, which would later become the avenue of theChamps-Élysées [Dominique Garrigues. "Jardins et jardiniers de Versailles au Grand Siècle." Editions Champ Vallon. ISBN 2876733374 Pg. 282.] and comprise the "Axe historique ."Le Nôtre's other work included the design of many gardens and parks, including those of
Chantilly ,Chateau Fontainebleau ,Racconigi ,Saint-Cloud ,Saint-Germain-en-Laye andSt. James's Park . He also collaborated withLouis Le Vau andCharles Le Brun on the park of theVaux-le-Vicomte . André Le Nôtre's father,Jean Le Nôtre was the gardener ofLouis XIII of France .His life
Becoming a gardener
André Le Nôtre was born to a family of gardeners. His father and grandfather were responsible for the
jardin des Tuileries . His godfather administered gardens and the husband of his godmother,Claude Mollet was an illustrious gardener. Andre thus lived in a family of gardeners and quickly acquired both practical and theoretical knowledge.A studious adolescence
He also was interested in other arts but eventually returned to his future career as gardener to the king. He learned
mathematics ,painting andarchitecture . He then entered the workshop ofSimon Vouet , painter of KingLouis XIII . He learned classical art and perspective, and afterwards the friend ofCharles Le Brun ,François Mansart , permitted him to study architecture for several years.At the age of 40, he decided to become a gardener, with all the competence he had acquired from his previous artistic experiences.
Debut as a gardener
André Le Nôtre debuted in his career with the project of the gardens of château de Vaux-le-Vicomte, initiated by
Nicolas Fouquet . He then worked in partnership with Louis Le Vau and Charles Le Brun. The building site made him famous in the gardening world.On September 10, 1661, three weeks after having entertained the young King Louis XIV in an extravagant party, Fouquet was arrested by
d'Artagnan and his greatest artists were taken to work at Versailles. Among them was André Le Nôtre who was hired byLouis XIV to rehabilitate the gardens of the Palace of Versailles. He also laid out the radiating city plan of Versailles which included the largest avenue yet seen in Europe, the Avenue de Paris. He then designed and realized a number of projects throughout France.Later years
He was involved in a number of projects in France and had many disciples. In 1679, he visited Italy.
Le Nôtre died at the age of 87 in September 1700. He left behind a number of
formal garden s, recognizable for their perspective and their geometric perfection, known and recognized throughout the world. His tomb is in the BaroqueÉglise Saint-Roch in Paris.Biographical timeline
* 1613 : Birth of André Le Nôtre in Paris, son of Jean Le Nôtre, King's Gardener of the Tuileries.
* 1635 : Le Nôtre is named the first gardener of theduc d'Orléans
* 1637 : He succeeds his father as King's Gardener of the Tuileries
* 1640 : He marries Françoise Langlois
* 1643 : He is named the "draughtsman of plants and terraces" forAnne of Austria
* 1645-1646 : He modernizes the gardens of thechâteau de Fontainebleau
* 1656-1661 : He creates the gardens ofVaux-le-Vicomte at the request ofNicolas Fouquet
* 1657 : He becomes the controller general of the King's buildings
* 1662 : Le Nôtre designs the plan ofGreenwich Park for Charles II
* 1661 - 1687 : He devotes himself to the Garden and Parks or the Château de Versailles
* 1662 - 1684 : Le Nôtre transforms the gardens ofchâteau de Chantilly for "le Grand Condé"
* 1663 - 1672 : He renovates the gardens ofchâteau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
* 1665 - 1693 : He arranges and maintains the gardens ofchâteau de Saint-Cloud for Philippe d'Orléans
* 1666 - 1672 : Colbert charges Le Nôtre to embelish the jardin des Tuileries
* 1667 : Le Nôtre extends the view of theTuileries : this is the birth of the avenue of theChamps-Elysées
* 1670 - 1683 : Colbert charges Le Nôtre to alter the gardens of hischâteau de Sceaux
* 1670 : He conceives a project for the château de Racconigi in Italy
* 1674 - 1698 : He remakes the gardens ofVenaria Reale in Italy
* 1675 : Le Nôtre is ennobled by the King
* 1679 - 1691 : He intervenes in the planning of the gardens ofchâteau de Meudon forLouvois
* 1692 : André Le Nôtre participates in the planning ofchâteau de Marly last living residence ofLouis XIV
* 1693 : He retires and offers his "belles œuvres" to the King
* 1694 : He sends by letter his instructions for theCharlottenburg Palace andchâteau de Cassel in Germany
* 1698 : He sends toWilliam III of England his plans for theWindsor Castle
* 1700 : André Le Nôtre dies in Paris. He is buried at theéglise Saint-Roch List of principal gardens of Le Nôtre
*Gardens of Chateau as well as of city plan of Versailles
*Gardens ofVaux-le-Vicomte
*Gardens ofchâteau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
*Gardens ofchâteau de Saint-Cloud (the château no longer stands but the gardens still exist.)
*jardin des Tuileries
*parc de Sceaux
*Gardens ofchâteau de Fontainebleau
*Gardens ofchâteau de Chantilly
*Gardens ofchâteau de Bercy àCharenton-le-Pont
*Gardens of château deChambonas Avenues
* Avenue of
Château de Hauteville inCharchigné ee also
*
French Baroque and Classicism
*Baroque architecture Notes
Further reading
* Thompson, Ian. "The Sun King's Garden: Louis XIV, André Le Nôtre And the Creation of the Gardens of Versailles". London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 2006 (hardcover, ISBN 1582346313).
** [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/09/24/botho24.xml Reviewed] by Peter Parker in the [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ "Telegraph"] , October 1, 2006.
** [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/arts/main.jhtml?xml=/arts/2006/09/24/botho224.xml Reviewed] by John Adamson in the [http://www.telegraph.co.uk/ "Telegraph"] , 2006.External links
* [http://www.lenotre.culture.gouv.fr/ André Le Nôtre]
* [http://www.gardenvisit.com/b/notre.htm Andre Le Notre - a biography from the landscape architecture and garden guide]
* [http://www.st-germain.eu/index.php?mod=le_notre&ac=terrasse_le_notre Terrasse le Nôtre à Saint Germain en laye ]
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