Shadow of a Doubt

Infobox_Film
name = Shadow of a Doubt


image_size = 215px
caption = theatrical poster
director = Alfred Hitchcock
producer = Jack H. Skirball
writer = Story:
Thornton Wilder
Screenplay:
Thornton Wilder
Sally Benson
Alma Reville
starring = Teresa Wright
Joseph Cotten
Macdonald Carey
Patricia Collinge
Henry Travers
music = Original music:
Dimitri Tiomkin
Non-original music:
Franz Lehár
cinematography = Joseph A. Valentine
editing = Milton Carruth
distributor = Universal Pictures
released = 12 January fy|1943 "(US)"
runtime = 108 minutes
country = FilmUS
language = English
budget =
gross =
imdb_id = 0036342|

"Shadow of a Doubt" is a fy|1943 thriller directed by Alfred Hitchcock and written by Thornton Wilder, Sally Benson and Alma Reville. It stars Teresa Wright, Joseph Cotten, Macdonald Carey, Patricia Collinge, Henry Travers and Hume Cronyn. "Shadow of a Doubt" was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing, Original Story, Gordon McDonell. In 1991, this film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". In his book "Bambi vs. Godzilla", David Mamet calls it Hitchcock's finest film.

Plot

A bored young woman, a teenager, living in Santa Rosa, California, Charlotte "Charlie" Newton (Wright), is frustrated because nothing seems to be happening in her life and that of her family. Then, she receives wonderful news: her uncle (for whom she was named), Charlie Oakley (Cotten), her mother's brother, is arriving for a visit.

Two men show up pretending to be photographers and journalists working on a national survey of the average American family. One of them speaks to Charlie privately, identifying himself as Detective Jack Graham (Macdonald Carey) and telling her that her uncle is one of two men who are suspected of being a serial killer known as the "Merry Widow Murderer". This murderer has a "modus operandi" of seducing, murdering and robbing wealthy widows.

Young Charlie at first refuses to even consider that her uncle could be this person, but she cannot help noticing him acting strangely on several occasions. Particularly chilling is a family dinner conversation during which Uncle Charlie reveals his hatred of rich widows, comparing them to fat animals who deserve to be killed.

Young Charlie's growing suspicion soon becomes apparent to her uncle. He confronts her and admits that he is indeed the man the police are after. He begs her for help; she reluctantly agrees not to say anything, as long as he leaves soon, to avoid a horrible scandal in the town that would destroy her family, especially her mother, an emotionally fragile woman, who dearly loves and idolizes her younger brother.

Then news breaks that the second suspect was killed fleeing from the police, and is assumed to have been the guilty one. The detective Graham leaves. Uncle Charlie is satisfied at first, until he remembers that Young Charlie fully knows his secret. Soon, the young woman has a couple of near fatal accidents, falling down some very steep stairs, and being trapped in a closed garage with a car spewing exhaust fumes.

Uncle Charlie soon announces that he is leaving by train for San Francisco. As he departs, he forces young Charlie to stay on board, planning to murder her by pushing her off as soon as the train gets up to speed. Instead, in the ensuing struggle between them, he falls into the path of an oncoming train although there is the constant question as to whether this was a suicide and Uncle Charlie let himself fall, marking another of Hitchcock's ambiguities. At his funeral Uncle Charlie is highly honored by the townspeople of Santa Rosa, who know nothing of his true identity. Jack has come back to comfort Charlie; she tells him she had withheld from him information about her uncle which would have confirmed him as the murderer, but Jack already knows and accepts that, realizing her difficult situation. They are a loving couple who both know too much about a horrible secret which will remain a secret.

Background

"Shadow of a Doubt" was both filmed and set in Santa Rosa, California, which was portrayed as a paragon of a supposedly peaceful, small, pre-War American city. Since Thornton Wilder wrote the original script, the story is set in a small American town, a popular setting of Wilder, but with an added Hitchcock touch to it. In Patrick McGilligan's biography of Hitchcock he said the film was perhaps the most American film that Hitchcock had made up to that time.

The opening scenes take place in the Central Ward of Newark, New Jersey. The city skyline and landmarks such as the Pulaski Skyway are featured in the opening shot.

Charlie's family home is on McDonald Avenue in Santa Rosa, California. McDonald Avenue, is named for the McDonald Mansion situated on several acres on the street. The McDonald Mansion was later used by Walt Disney for the movie "Pollyanna". The stone train station in the film was built in 1904 and is one of the few commercial buildings in downtown Santa Rosa to survive the earthquake of April 18, 1906. Built for the Northwestern Pacific Railroad, it is currently a visitor center. Some of the buildings in downtown Santa Rosa that are seen in the film were damaged or destroyed by earthquakes in 1969; much of the area was cleared of debris and largely rebuilt. The library was a Carnegie Library which was demolished as a result of the 1969 earthquakes after which it was considered structurally unsafe. Some of the hand carved stones from the demolished library make up a small stone fence encircling the Comstock Mansion on Mendocino Avenue. The old City Hall, located in the center of town, was built of marble and also demolished after the earthquakes because it was also thought to be structurally unsafe. When it was demolished, the demolition company that contracted the job went bankrupt trying to knock the building down.

The film was scored by Dimitri Tiomkin, his first collaboration with Hitchcock (the others being "Strangers on a Train, I Confess "and "Dial M for Murder). "In his score Tiomkin references the famous "Merry Widow Waltz" of Franz Lehár, often in somewhat distorted forms, as a leitmotif for Uncle Charlie and his serial murders. During the opening credits the waltz theme is heard along with a prolonged shot of couples dancing."

Cast

* Teresa Wright as Charlotte "Charlie" Newton
* Joseph Cotten as Charles Oakley
* Henry Travers as Joseph Newton, Charlotte's father, who loves to read crime stories
* Patricia Collinge as Emma Newton, Charlotte's mother and Charles' sister
* Macdonald Carey as Detective Jack Graham
* Wallace Ford as Detective Fred Saunders
* Hume Cronyn as Herbie Hawkins, a neighbor who like Charlie's father is also a crime fiction buff. He appears periodically and discusses ideas for the perfect murder with his friend Joseph Newton
Additional cast:
*Alfred Hitchcock cameo: Hitchcock appears about 15 minutes into the film, on the train to Santa Rosa, playing cards with a man and a woman. He seems surprised to see that he has somehow been dealt a full suite of spades, a complete royal flush. This scene appears to be a humorous reference to the fact that the director is the one who "holds all the cards", including in this case the ace of spades, which is traditionally regarded as the "death card."

Remake

The film was adapted for Cecil B. DeMille's Lux Radio Theater aired on January 3, 1944 with its original leading actress and William Powell as Uncle Charlie. (Patrick McGilligan said Hitchcock had originally wanted Powell to play Uncle Charlie, but MGM refused to lend the actor for the film.) In 1950, "Shadow of a Doubt" was featured as a radio-play on "Screen Directors Playhouse". It starred Cary Grant as Uncle Charlie and Betsy Drake as the younger Charlie. [cite web |url=http://www.carygrantradio.com/ |title=Other Cary Grant Radio Appearances |publisher=carygrantradio.com] Joseph Cotten reprised the role on radio in the "Academy Award Theatre" production of "Shadow of a Doubt" which aired Sept. 11, 1946. [cite web |url=http://www.radiotimezone.com/dramadven.html |title=Old Time Radio (OTR) Drama and Adventure]

The film was remade as "Step Down to Terror" (1958).

Notes

External links

*
*
*
* [http://www.noiroftheweek.com/2008/08/shadow-of-doubt-1943-part-1.html "Shadow of a Doubt"] at Film Noir of the Week
* [http://www.eyegate.com/cine/Shadow_of_a_Doubt/ "Shadow of a Doubt"] at Eyegate Gallery