HMS Vanguard (1869)

The seventh HMS "Vanguard" of the British Royal Navy was an Audacious-class central battery ironclad battleship, launched in 1870.

"Vanguard", under the command of Captain Richard Dawkins, sailed out of Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire) harbour on August 27, 1875, in company with three other ironclads, HMS|Warrior|1860|6, HMS|Hector|1862|6 and HMS|Iron Duke|1870|6. The ships were part of the First Reserve Squadron and were on a summer cruise around the Irish coast. The squadron, under the command of Admiral Tarleton, was en route to Queenstown (Cobh), County Cork where the cruise would finish. As they passed the Kish lightship a heavy fog came down which restricted visibility to less than a ship's length.

"Vanguard"'s sister ship, "Iron Duke" noticed she was drifting off course and began returning to her proper station. A problem with her steam plant meant that her foghorn was inoperable, and could not be used to alert the other vessels of her position or course.

At about 12:50, a look-out on "Vanguard" spotted a sailing ship directly ahead. As "Vanguard" turned to avoid it, "Iron Duke" appeared out of the fog on her port side less than 40 yards (40 m) away. Collision was unavoidable. "Iron Duke's" underwater ram tore open "Vanguard's" hull near her boilers.

"Iron Duke" freed herself after a few minutes, sustaining only minor damage. "Vanguard", however, was sinking. Her pumps could move water at a rate of 3,000 pounds per minute (23 kg/s) but the flooding exceeded 50 long tons per minute (847 kg/s). The pumps were powered by the engines, which shut down ten minutes after the collision when the engine room flooded.

"Vanguard" and "Iron Duke" both launched all boats. The abandonment was completed in good order with Captain Dawkins the last of the 360 crew on board to leave and the only casualty was his dog which was lost. "Warrior" and "Hector" sailed on in the fog and only learned of the sinking upon reaching Queenstown.

Seventy minutes after the collision, "Vanguard" rested on the seabed 50 metres (165 ft) deep. The tips of her masts were still visible above the surface. The Admiralty was confident that the ship could be raised and diving operations started, but were soon abandoned.

Captain Dawkins, was blamed at the court martial for not doing enough to save his vessel following the collision, and never received command of another vessel. Contemporary popular opinion, however, was sympathetic towards him.

The wreck was rediscovered in 1985 and lies in 45 to 50 metres of water. The wreck is protected under the Irish National Monument Act, and a licence from the National Monuments Service is required to dive it.

References

* Roger Chesneau and Eugene M. Kolesnik, ed., "Conway's All The Worlds Fighting Ships, 1860-1905", (Conway Maritime Press, London, 1979), ISBN 0-85177-133-5