Edward Lawrie Tatum

Infobox_Scientist
name = Edward Lawrie Tatum


image_width =
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birth_date = December 14, 1909
birth_place = Boulder, Colorado, USA
death_date = death date and age|1975|11|05|1909|12|14
death_place = New York City, USA
field = Genetics
alma_mater = University of Chicago
University of Wisconsin-Madison
work_institution = Stanford University
Yale University
Rockefeller Institute
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for = Gene regulation of biochemical events within cells
prizes = Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
footnotes =

Edward Lawrie Tatum (December 14, 1909 – November 5, 1975) was an American geneticist. He shared half of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1958 with George Wells Beadle for showing that genes control individual steps in metabolism. The other half of that year's award went to Joshua Lederberg.

Beadle and Tatum's key experiments involved exposing the bread mold "Neurospora crassa" to x-rays, causing mutations. In a series of experiments, they showed that these mutations caused changes in specific enzymes involved in metabolic pathways. These experiments, published in 1941, led them to propose a direct link between genes and enzymatic reactions, known as the "one gene, one enzyme" hypothesis.

Tatum went on to study genetics in bacteria. An active area of research in his laboratory was to understand the basis of Tryptophan biosynthesis in "Escherichia coli". Later, Tatum and his student Lederberg showed that "E. coli" could share genetic information through recombination.

Tatum was born in Boulder, Colorado. He attended college at the University of Chicago and received his PhD in biochemistry from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1934. Starting in 1937, he worked at Stanford University, where he began his collaboration with Beadle. He then moved to Yale University in 1945 where he mentored Lederberg. He returned to Stanford in 1948 and then joined the faculty of Rockefeller Institute in 1957. A heavy cigarette smoker, he died in New York City of heart failure complicated by chronic emphysema.

References

*"Nobel Lectures, Physiology or Medicine 1942-1962", Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1964
*"Biographical Memoirs: National Academy of Sciences", Volume 59, National Academy Press, 1990

External links

* [http://nobelprize.org/medicine/laureates/1958/tatum-bio.html Nobel biography]

Persondata
NAME= Tatum, Edward Lawrie
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= genetics scientist
DATE OF BIRTH=1909-12-14
PLACE OF BIRTH=Boulder, Colorado
DATE OF DEATH=1975-11-05
PLACE OF DEATH=New York City