Grudziądz

Infobox Settlement
name = Grudziądz
motto = Grudziądz - miasto na szczęście
("Grudziądz - city of good luck")


imagesize = 250px
image_caption = Panorama of Grudziądz Old Town district

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image_shield = POL Grudziądz COA.svg
pushpin_

pushpin_label_position = bottom
subdivision_type = Country
subdivision_name = POL
subdivision_type1 = Voivodeship
subdivision_name1 = Kuyavian-Pomeranian
subdivision_type2 = County
subdivision_name2 = "city county"
leader_title = Mayor
leader_name = Robert Malinowski
established_title = Established
established_date = 11th century
established_title3 = Town rights
established_date3 = 1291
area_total_km2 = 57.76
population_as_of = 2007"Population size and structure by territorial division as of December 31, 2007", GUS, Warsaw 2008]
population_total = 99090
population_density_km2 = auto
timezone = CET
utc_offset = +1
timezone_DST = CEST
utc_offset_DST = +2
latd = 53 | latm = 29 | lats = 33 | latNS = N | longd = 18 | longm = 46 | longs = 34 | longEW = E
elevation_m = 50
postal_code_type = Postal code
postal_code = 86-300 to 86-311
area_code = +48 056
blank_name = Car plates
blank_info = CG
website = http://www.grudziadz.pl Grudziądz Audio-IPA-pl|Grudziadz.ogg|'|g|r|u|dzi|o|n|c ( _de. Graudenz, _la. Graudensis, _ru. Грудзёндз) is a city in northern Poland on the Vistula River, with 99,090 inhabitants (2007). Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship (since 1999), the city was previously in the Toruń Voivodeship (1975-1998).

History

In 1291, the town (as Graudenz) received German Kulm law city rights from the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights it was located in. In 1440, the town joined the Prussian Confederation, and between 1466 and 1772, the city belonged to Royal Prussia.

Following the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the city (then called "Graudenz") was annexed by the King Frederick II of Prussia and made part of the German Kingdom of Prussia. In 1871, during the unification of Germany, it became part of the Prussian-led German Empire.

After the construction of a railroad bridge across the Vistula in 1878, Graudenz became a rapidly growing industrialized city as well as a district centre in 1900. In the 1912 Reichstag elections, 21% of the votes were given to Polish candidates, while the National Liberal Party of Germany received 53% of all votes. On January 23 1920, in accordance with the Treaty of Versailles, Grudziądz became part of the newly created Polish republic. At the time, 84% of the population of the town and 58% of the county were German.

In the 20 years between the world wars, Grudziądz served as an important centre of culture and education with one of the biggest Polish military garrisons and several military schools located both within the confines of the city and around it. A large economic potential, and the existence of important institutions like the Pomeranian Tax Office and the Pomeranian Chamber of Industry and Trade, helped Grudziądz become the economic capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship in the interwar period. Grudziądz's economic potential was featured at the First Pomeranian Exhibition of Agriculture and Industry in 1925, officially opened by Stanisław Wojciechowski, the President of the Second Polish Republic.

The 64th and 65th Infantry Regiments and the 16th Light Artillery Regiment of the Polish Army were stationed in Grudziądz during the 19 years of interwar period. They were part of the 16th Infantry Division, which had its headquarters in the city, as did the cavalry's famous 18th Pomeranian Uhlans Regiment. The Grudziądz Centre of Cavalry Training educated many notable army commanders. Military education in Grudziądz was also provided by the Centre of the Gendarmerie, the Air School of Shooting and Bombarding, and the N.C.O. Professional School, which offered courses for infantry reserve officer cadets.

Historical population
of Grudziądz

On September 3, 1939 military troops of Nazi Germany entered Grudziądz and, as Graudenz, annexed the city into the Reichsgau Danzig-West Prussia, starting a five-year long occupation lasting till the end of World War II. Graudenz was the location of the German concentration camp Graudenz, a subcamp of the Stutthof concentration camp. As the result of heavy fighting in 1945, over 60% of the city was destroyed. Soviet Major Lev Kopelev is reporting those battles and the final surrender of the German garrison in his book "To Be Preserved Forever". At war's end, the German-speaking population of the city left or was expelled and replaced with Poles from Polish areas annexed by the Soviet Union.

Notable citizens

* Waldemar Baszanowski (born 1935), Olympic champion weightlifter
* Krzysztof Buczkowski (born 1986), motorcycle speedway rider
* Antoni Czortek (1915–2003), boxing champion
* Ernst Hardt (1876-1947), writer
* Waldemar Kophamel (1880-1934), U-Boat commander
* Bolesław Orliński (1899-1992), Polish aviator and test pilot
* Piotr z Grudziądza (ca. 1400-ca. 1480), composer
* Henryk Sawistowski (1925-1984), dean of City and Guilds College of London Institute
* Stefania Toczyska (born 1943), mezzo-soprano singer
* Leo White (1882-1948), stage performer
* Alfred Wohl (1863-1946), German chemist

Education

* Grudziądzka Szkoła Wyższa

Twin towns

*Flagicon|Russia Chernyakhovsk (Russia)
*Flagicon|Sweden Falun (Sweden)
*Flagicon|Germany Gütersloh (Germany)

Notes

External links

* [http://www.grudziadz.pl/portal.php?aid=sm&s=sm Municipal website]