Wheeler Hazard Peckham

Wheeler Hazard Peckham (January 1, 1833–September 27, 1905) was an American lawyer from New York and a failed nominee to the Supreme Court of the United States. His father, Rufus Wheeler Peckham, was also a lawyer, and a New York Court of Appeals judge and congressman. His brother, also named Rufus Wheeler Peckham, was also a New York lawyer, state court judge, and U.S. Supreme Court Justice.

Early life

Peckham was born in Albany, New York, on New Year's Day, 1833 to Rufus Wheeler Peckham and Isabella Adoline; his mother died when he was 15. He was educated at The Albany Academy and at his father's alma mater, Union College, which he left early due to poor health. After studying law at his father's partnership with Lyman Tremain, Peckham left New York to practice in the northwestern United States, where he became what the "New York Times" called "one of the best known attorneys in that part of the country." ["Wheeler H. Peckham's Career: An Upright and Able Lawyer Who Has Served the Public Well." "New York Times", January 23, 1894.]

Legal practice in New York City

Poor health caused him to return to New York City in 1867, where he established the firm of Miller & Peckham and gained fame first as a constitutional lawyer, and later as a special prosecutor for the State. He was involved in the unsuccessful prosecution of Mayor Abraham Oakey Hall in 1872, and also prosecuted former Tammany Hall leader "Boss" Tweed with Tremain in 1873. Peckham again represented the State against Tweed in 1876, when he won a $6 million verdict in a civil fraud suit.

Championed by his brother and businessman Daniel Manning, Peckham was appointed District Attorney of Manhattan on November 30, 1884, by Governor Grover Cleveland despite pressure from a barrage of applicants. However, Peckham tendered his resignation a mere eight days after taking the oath of office on December 2, citing ill health. He then returned to private practice in the Wall Street offices of Miller, Peckham & Dixon, where he focused primarily on civil practice. ["Wheeler H. Peckham's Career: An Upright and Able Lawyer Who Has Served the Public Well." "New York Times", January 23, 1894.] Peckham also served as the President of the New York City Bar Association from 1892 through 1894.

Nomination to the U.S. Supreme Court

In 1894, Cleveland, who was then in his non-consecutive second term as President, nominated Peckham to replace Samuel Blatchford on the U.S. Supreme Court. However, this nomination was caught in the middle of a political tug-of-war between Cleveland and New York Senator David Hill, and Wheeler became the second nominee of Cleveland's that Hill managed to block, by a Senate vote of 32-41 on February 16, 1894; Senator Edward Douglass White was instead confirmed to the Court. By the time another seat on the Court was vacant after the death of Howell E. Jackson in 1895, Hill was weakened politically and Cleveland turned to Wheeler's brother, Rufus, who was confirmed within six days.

ocial role and later life

Peckham was one of the most famed New York City lawyers of his time, and an active participant in New York City politics and society. He presided over social events as a member and president of the City Club, and advocated for reform of "municipal degradation"::"The issue is simply one of men. You cannot remedy matters by law nor by system, you have got to remedy it by the simple expedient of turning out the maladministrators and putting in their places men who are honest and capable. We must organize a power that will overcome present conditions and put in office men who are capable and aggressively so. Vice, that has awakened such an outburst of public opinion, is but one of the things that must go." [ [http://www.twainquotes.com/19010105.html "New York Times", January 5, 1901] —account of dinner talk on "The Causes of Our Present Municipal Degradation", presided over by Wheeler Peckham. Samuel Clemens was among the notable guests.]

Peckham is buried in the Peckham family plot at Albany Rural Cemetery, along with his wife, Annie Aertsen Keasbey (1826, Salem, New Jersey – October 30, 1916), whom he married in 1855. His father, who was lost at sea, also has a cenotaph there.

References

* [http://www.thehistorybox.com/ny_city/nycity_brief_sketch_article00014.htm "The History Box: Brief Sketches on Important Men of New York City"]
* [http://tarlton.law.utexas.edu/lpop/etext/tweed/tweed.htm "Trial of William M. Tweed"] from "Celebrated Trials" by Henry Lauren Clinton, 1897.
*Many of the family names and dates were found at the Peckham family plot at Albany Rural Cemetery, Section 11, Lot 19.