Kannai

nihongo|Kannai|関内 is a region in Naka Ward, Yokohama, Japan, bounded by the Ōoka River, JR Negishi Line, Nakamura River, and the Ocean. "Kannai" is not an official name of the area, but it has been in use for over a century.

Within it are the old districts of Bashamichi, Chinatown, and Yamashita Park, making Kannai a major tourist destination in Yokohama, rivaling the adjacent Minato Mirai 21. The Kannai region has seen a revival after the innauguration of the Minato Mirai Line in 2004, with better connections to the popular Yokohama Station and Minato Mirai 21 regions.

Kannai is also the heart of Yokohama, with the Kanagawa Prefectural Government offices, the Yokohama Municipal Government offices, Kanagawa Prefectural Police Headquarters, and other governmental offices as well as major business offices within its borders.

The Kannai region was part of the ocean until the Edo period, when Yoshida Shinden was reclaimed in 1667. Upon reclamation, the streets were lined up according to a grid plan. And nihongo|towns|町|machi in the region were auspiciously named after individuals involved with the reclamation, Noh songs, and Hyakunin Isshu, rather than any ancient names.

Upon the opening of the Port of Yokohama in 1859, Kannai became the home of international trading companies and diplomatic missions, in a similar fashion as Dejima of Nagasaki. The historic Osanbashi Pier was built adjacent to Kannai in 1894, and has been the international pier of the Port of Yokohama ever since.

Since the opening of the Port of Yokohama, Kannai saw a sudden influx of Western culture. According to the Yokohama Municipal Government, the Kannai region boasts many "firsts in Japan", such as ice cream, beer, and gas lamps. Modern western architecture built in the 1920s and 1930s still remain in Kannai.

In recent years, due to a change in societal and economic conditions, old office and store buildings are being torn down, in favor of new condominiums; and this is a problem for city planning.

History & naming

During the Edo period, nihongo|Yokohama-mura|横浜村|lit. side beach village was a remote village adjacent to the nihongo|"Kanagawa-juku"|神奈川宿, one of the 53 stations of Tōkaidō. Upon being demanded by the United States, the Tokugawa shogunate declared "Yokohama-mura" to be a part of "Kanagawa", and then opened its port. The Tokugawa government chose the remotely located "Yokohama-mura", to prevent foreigners from entering the bustling "Kanagawa-juku".

A road was built from "Kanagawa-juku" to "Yokohama-mura". And on this road, the "Yoshida Bridge" was built across Yoshida River, a branch of the Ōoka River. There was a nihongo|Kanmon|関門, a "checkpoint", on this "Yoshida Bridge". The area inside the "Kanmon" (the Yokohama side) was called Kannai ("Kannai" meant "inside the "Kanmon"). Within Kannai, the current location of the Kanagawa prefectural office marked the boundary between the Japanese settlement area on the west, and the foreign settlement area on the east.

In 1860, canals were built in addition to the existing rivers, so that Yokohama (Kannai) was completely surrounded by water. There was a "Kanmon" placed on each bridge, to restrict access, and to prevent contact between samurais and foreigners. The samurais were not allowed into Kannai.

After subsequent modernizations over the years, the "Kanmon" lost its significance, and was eventually removed. However, even after the abolishment of the "Kanmon", the name "Kannai" (which originally meant "inside the "Kanmon") remains popular to this day.

Today, Shuto Expressway and Ōdōri Park occupy the former location of the Yoshida River. The bridge has become part of the road. And a stone monument is all that remains to show the location of the bridge and the river.

Today, Bashamichi Street adjoins Yoshida Bridge with the former settlement area of Kannai. On the other side of Yoshida Bridge is Isezakicho. The vicinity of Isezakicho was outside the "Kanmon", and was called nihongo|Kangai|関外 (meaning "outside the "Kanmon"). Today, the name "Kangai" has lost its currency, while "Kannai" remains in popular use. The JR Kannai Station is based on this name.

Train stations

*Kannai Station (Keihin-Tōhoku Line—Negishi Line, Blue Line (Yokohama))
*Ishikawacho Station (Keihin-Tōhoku Line—Negishi Line)
*Bashamichi Station (Minato Mirai Line)
*Nihon-ōdōri Station (Minato Mirai Line)
*Motomachi-Chūkagai Station (Minato Mirai Line)

ee also

*Yokohama
*Osanbashi Pier
*Yokohama Marine Tower
*Yokohama Silk Museum
*Isezakicho

References

*This article was translated from the corresponding article in the Japanese Wikipedia, retrieved on December 30, 2006, and with a few minor changes

External links

* [http://www.yokohama-customs.go.jp/zeikan/e-ycustoms.htm Yokohama Customs House] (nicknamed "Queen's Tower")
* [http://www.city.yokohama.jp/me/naka/renraku/kaikokinen/index.html Port Opening Memorial Hall] (nicknamed "Jack's Tower")
* [http://www.pref.kanagawa.jp/menu/page/english02.html Kanagawa Prefectural Government] (the main building is nicknamed "King's Tower")
* [http://ch.kanagawa-museum.jp/ Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Cultural History]
* [http://www.pressnet.or.jp/newspark/English_0.html NEWSPARK—Japan Newspaper Museum]