Royal Moroccan Army

The Royal Moroccan Army forms a part of the FAR ( Forces Armes Royals, Royal Armed Forces ) of Morocco.

Origins

During the period of the French Protectorate (1912 - 1956) large numbers of Moroccans were recruited for service in the Spahi and Tirailleur regiments of the French Army of Africa. During World War II more than 300,000 Moroccan troops (including goumier auxiliaries) served with the Free French forces in North Africa, Italy and France itself. During the First Indochina War large numbers of Moroccans formed part of the French Expeditionary Force from 1946 to 1954. The French preference throughout their period of dominance was to recruit amongst the rural Berber population.

The Spanish Army also made extensive use of Moroccan troops recruited in the Spanish Protectorate, during both the Rif War of 1921-26 and the Spanish Civil War of 1936-39. Moroccan "Regulares", together with the Spanish Legion, made up Spain's elite African field army. A para-military gendarmerie, known as the "Mehal-la Jalifianas" and modelled on the French goumieres, was employed within the Spanish Zone. With the end of the Protectorate in 1956, fourteen thousand Moroccan personnel from the French Army and ten thousand from the Spanish Armed Forces transferred into the new FAR. This number was augmented by approximately 5,000 former guerillas from the "Army of Liberation" (see below). About 2,000 French officers and NCOs remained in Morocco on short term contracts, until crash training programmes at the military academies of St-Cyr, Toledo and Dar al Bayda produced sufficient numbers of Moroccan commissioned officers.

Army of Liberation

The Army of Liberation ( _fr. Armée de Libération, _ar. جيش التحرير) was a force fighting for the independence of Morocco. In 1956, units of the Army began infiltrating Ifni and other enclaves of Spanish Morocco, as well as Spanish Sahara (today Western Sahara), to claim them as part of Morocco. Initially, they received important backing from the Moroccan government. In the Spanish Sahara, the Army rallied Sahrawi tribes along the way, and triggered a large-scale rebellion. In early 1958, the Moroccan king reorganized the Army of Liberation units fighting in the Spanish Sahara as the "Saharan Liberation Army".

The revolt in the Spanish Sahara was put down in 1958 by a joint French and Spanish offensive. The king of Morocco then signed an agreement with the Spanish, as he asserted control over the rebellious southern border areas, and parts of the Army of Liberation was absorbed into the Moroccan armed forces.

Nationalistic Moroccans tend to see the Army of Liberation battles in Western Sahara as a proof of Western Sahara's loyalty to the Moroccan crown, whereas sympathizers to the Polisario Front) view it only as an anti-colonial war directed against Spanish. Sahrawi veterans of the Army of Liberation today exist on both sides of the Western Sahara conflict, and both the Kingdom of Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic celebrate it as part of their political history. Parents of the founder members of Polisario have all been members of the Army of Liberation, most notably the Father of Mohammed Abdelaziz the president of Polisario and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic, who is living in Morocco and is a member of CORCAS.

Equipment in 1998

*Tanks
* 560 M60 Patton
* 111 SK-105 Kurassier
* 200 T-72
* 110 AMX 10 RC
* Armored Vehicles"'
* 320 Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé
* 190 AML-90
* 30 M163 Vulcan
* 650 M998
* 550 M113
* 60 Ratel IFV
* 50 M577
* 30 AMX-10P
* 1200 Uro Vamtac
* ? EE-9 Cascavel
*Anti-tank
* ? RPG-7
* 173 BGM-71 TOW
* 80 MILAN
* ? Euromissile HOT
* 480 M47 Dragon
* 216 AT-14
* 1000 Metis-M
*Anti-air
* 70 9K38 Igla
* 120 ZSU-23
* 12 Tunguska-M1
* 37 MIM-72/M48 Chaparral
*Artillery
* 144 M109 howitzer
* 60 M110 howitzer
* 35 BM21
* 30 FH-70
* 20 M-114
* 30 L118 Light Gun
* 20 M101 howitzer
* 90 AMX-13
*Support Weapon and Assault Rifle
* M16 rifle
* Steyr AUG
* AKM
* Heckler & Koch G3
* FN MINIMI
* Beretta AR70/90
* FN FAL
* FN CAL
* PK machine gun
* M249
* SAR-21
* FN MAG
* Ultimax 100

References

*John Keegan "World Armies" ISBN 0-333-17236-1
*R. Hure "L'Armee d' Afrique 1830-1962"