Eley Brothers

Eley Brothers were a manufacturer of firearms cartridges at the Eley's Cartridge Factory. Located in Edmonton and bordered by the River Lee Navigation and the Great Eastern Railway at Angel Road.

History

It was founded by William and Charles Eley in London in the 1820's. In 1827 the brothers had acquired the patent rights to a French invention, the 'wire cartridge', a wire cage which held the shot together during the first stages of its flight.

In 1828 they established a factory in Charlotte Street (London), later moving to Bond Street (London).

In 1837 they added percussion caps to their range and though William was killed in an explosion in 1841, his three sons helped carry on the business. His eldest son William Thomas forged an alliance with Samuel Colt, the two patenting a skin cartridge for use in the latter's revolvers.

The growth of business accompanied by moves to the Grays Inn Road in 1864, and by the development of the Boxer cartridge designed by Colonel Boxer- Chief Superintendent of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich - and adopted by the government in 1866.

In 1874 they went public to fuel expansion, but lost momentum after 1881 when William Thomas died. His brothers remained in control until 1901 but shareholders accused them of running it as a private company. Nevertheless, innovations included smokeless powder, and in the 1890s, 400 type of cartridges were produced. They had established a factory at Tile Kiln Lane ,Edmonton, London by 1865.

In 1894 the company transferred production to enlarged premises at Angel Road which included a tramway to its wharf on the nearby River Lee. Twice the War Office removed the company from their Approved List of suppliers due to poor quality .303 British ammunition, much of it returned from abroad as unusable. Moreover, poor facilities meant the company had to buy in components, unlike their competitors.

In 1900 an explosion killed two workmen, the directors squabbled amongst themselves, and in 1906 the mostly female workforce went on strike when their wages were cut. A leading ballistics expert F W Jones, was brought in to improve matters and in 1907 a 107 ft shot tower was built. The factory was ill adapted to mass production-it produced 209 million .303 cartridges in WW1 compared with 2,373 million at Kynochs, Birmingham factory-but its specialised skills made it ideal for innovative, such as the preparations of munitions for aircraft.

After the war, Eley's, along with other firms, became part of Explosive Trades Ltd, soon part of Nobel Industries. Many Belgians had been billeted in Edmonton as refugees and many, as elsewhere, worked in the armaments industry. This led to natural links between the two countries, and in the 1920s Eley's went into partnership with Fabric Nationale, and buying out the Belgian firm of Cartoucherie Russo- Belge. However, the need for ammunition had slumped, and the Angel Road factory closed in 1921, all production being transferred to Nobel's factory in Waltham Abbey. [ Godfrey A (notes to) "Old Ordnance Survey Maps: London Sheet 4, Edmonton (SE) 1894" Alan Godfrey Maps, ISBN 0850549698 Retrieved March 18 2008]

As trade name

The name Eley persists as a brand name for gun cartridges, and in recent years for lead shot to fill scuba divers' shot belts. [http://www.eley.co.uk/]

Recent history

The shot tower was demolished in the late 20th century. The area today is known as the Eley Industrial Estate.

External links

* [http://www.eley.co.uk Eley home page]
* [http://www.shootingtimes.com/ammunition/eley_101405 Shooting Times article]
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.asp?compid=26937 Edmonton: Economic History from British History Online. (This is detailed and starts in 1086)]
* [http://www.gunsreview.com Guns Review] John Pople-Crump: "Eley Brothers (Guns Review" March 1982)

Literature

* "An Edmonton Boy". Terry Webb. ISBN 190398100X. 2000 Published by Biograph Page 68 "‘One of the most famous factories on that estate was Eleys which used to make shotgun cartridges.It had a massive great tower and hot lead was dropped from the top of the tower through the water and it turned into little lead balls.I never saw it but that's how they made lead shot;they would drop from the height of this specially constructed tower’"

References