- Social connectedness
Social connectedness is a
psychological term used to describe the quality and number of connections we have with other people in our social circle offamily ,friend s andacquaintance s. These connections can be both inreal life , as well as online. The more socially connected a person is in their lives, generally the greater sense ofself-control andself-determination they feel.There are six components that have been shown to help a person determine the quality of their interactions and social connectedness with others:
* Duration of relationship
* Frequency of interaction with the other person
* Knowledge of the other person's goals
* Physical intimacy or closeness with the other person
*Self-disclosure to the other person
* Social network familiarity -- how familiar is the other person with the rest of your social circleThe higher a person scores on these components, the greater the quality of their social connectedness. A scale called the Personal Acquaintance Measure has been developed to help a person measure their connectedness with another individual.
Further Reading & References
Ambady, N., Hallahan, M., & Rosenthal, R. (1995). On judging and being judged accurately in zero-acquaintance situations.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 69, 518–529.Aron, A., Aron, E. N., & Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scale and the structure of interpersonal closeness.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63, 596–612.Aron, A., Aron, E. N., Tudor, M., & Nelson, G. (1991). Close relationships as including other in the self.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60, 241–253.Biesanz, J. C., West, S. G., & Millevoi, A. (in press). What do you learn about someone over time? Acquaintanceship and the development of variable- and target-centered agreement in judgments of personality.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology .Blackman, M. C., & Funder, D. C. (1998). The effect of information on consensus and accuracy in personality judgment. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 34, 164–181.
Funder, D. C. (1995). On the accuracy of personality judgment: A realistic approach. Psychological Review, 102, 652–670.
Funder, D. C., & Colvin, C. R. (1988). Friends and strangers: Acquaintanceship, agreement, and the accuracy of personality judgment.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 55, 149–158.Funder, D. C., & Colvin, C. R. (1991). Explorations in behavioral consistency: Properties of persons, situations, and behaviors.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 60, 773–794.Gosling, S. D., Ko, S. J., Mannarelli, T., & Morris, M. E. (2002). A room with a cue: Personality judgments based on offices and bedrooms.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 82, 379–398.Hall, J. A., & Veccia, E. M. (1990). More “touching” observations: New insights on men, women, and interpersonal touch.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 59, 1155–1162.Helgeson, V. S., Shaver, P., & Dyer, M. (1987). Prototypes of intimacy and distance in same-sex and opposite-sex relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 4, 195–233.
Kenny, D. A. (1991). A general model of consensus and accuracy in interpersonal perception. Psychological Review, 98, 155–163.
Kolar, D. W., Funder, D. C., & Colvin, C. R. (1996). Comparing the accuracy of personality judgments by the self and knowledgeable others. Journal of Personality, 64, 311–337.
Laurenceau, J.-P., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 74, 1238–1251.Laurenceau, J.-P., Rivera, L. M., Schaffer, A. R., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (2004). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: Current status and future directions. In D. J.Mashek & A.Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 61–78). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Levesque, M. J., & Kenny, D. A. (1993). Accuracy of behavioral predictions at zero acquaintance: A social relations analysis.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 65, 1178–1187.Paulhus, D. L., & Bruce, M. N. (1992). The effect of acquaintanceship on the validity of personality impressions: A longitudinal study.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 63, 816–824.Pronin, E., Kruger, J., Savtisky, K., & Ross, L. (2001). You don't know me, but I know you: The illusion of asymmetric insight.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 81, 639–656.Putnam, R. (2000). Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon & Schuster. [http://www.bowlingalone.com/]
Starzyk, K. B., Holden, R. R., Fabrigar, L. R., & MacDonald, T. K. (2006). The Personal Acquaintance Measure: A tool for appraising one's acquaintance with any person.
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , 90, 833-847.Taylor, D. A., & Altman, I. (1987). Communication in interpersonal relationships: Social penetration processes. In M. E.Roloff & G. R.Miller (Eds.), Sage annual reviews of communication research: Vol. 14. Interpersonal processes: New directions in communication research (pp. 257–277). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Wright, P. H. (1984). Self-referent motivation and the intrinsic quality of friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 1, 115–130.
Zebrowitz, L. A., & Collins, M. A. (1997). Accurate social perception at zero acquaintance: The affordances of a Gibsonian perspective.
Personality and Social Psychology Review , 1, 203–222.
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