Americano Creek

Geobox|River
name = Americano Creek
native_name =
other_name =
category = stream
etymology = Spanish
nickname =

---

image_caption = Upper reach of Americano Creek
country = United States
state = California
region = Sonoma County
district =
municipality =
parent =
tributary_right =
tributary_left =
city = Bloomfield, California
city1 =
landmark =
river =
source =
source_location = convert|4|mi|km|0|lk=on|abbr=on west of Cotati, California
source_region = | source_country =
source_elevation_imperial = 265
source_elevation_note =
source_lat_d = 38 | source_lat_m = 19 | source_lat_s = 18 | source_lat_NS = N
source_long_d = 122 | source_long_m = 46 | source_long_s = 58 | source_long_EW = W
source_coordinates_note = Gnis|254563|Americano Creek]
source1 =
source1_location = | source1_region = | source1_country =
source1_elevation_imperial =
source1_lat_d = | source1_lat_m = | source1_lat_s = | source1_lat_NS =
source1_long_d = | source1_long_m = | source1_long_s = | source1_long_EW =
source_confluence =
source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_region = | source_confluence_country =
source_confluence_elevation_imperial =
source_confluence_lat_d = | source_confluence_lat_m = | source_confluence_lat_s = | source_confluence_lat_NS =
source_confluence_long_d = | source_confluence_long_m = | source_confluence_long_s = | source_confluence_long_EW =
mouth = Estero Americano (below)
mouth_location = convert|1|mi|km|1|lk=on|abbr=on east of Valley Ford, California
mouth_region = | mouth_country =
mouth_elevation_imperial = 20
mouth_lat_d = 38 | mouth_lat_m = 19 | mouth_lat_s = 0 | mouth_lat_NS = N
mouth_long_d = 122 | mouth_long_m = 54 | mouth_long_s = 0 | mouth_long_EW = W
mouth_coordinates_note =
length_imperial = 7.5
length_note =
length_orientation =
width_imperial = | width_orientation =
depth_imperial =
volume_imperial =
warershed_imperial =
discharge_location =
discharge_location_note =
discharge_imperial =
discharge_round =
discharge_max_imperial =
discharge_min_imperial =
free = | free_type =


map_caption =
map_background =
map_locator =
map_locator_x =
map_locator_y =
website =
footnotes =

Geobox|River
name = Estero Americano
native_name =
other_name =
category = estuary
etymology = Spanish
nickname =


image_caption =
country = United States
state = California
region = Sonoma and Marin counties
district =
municipality =
parent =
tributary_right = Ebabias Creek
tributary_left =
city = Valley Ford, California
city1 =
landmark =
river =
source = Americano Creek (above)
source_location = convert|1|mi|km|1|lk=on|abbr=on east of Valley Ford, California
source_region = | source_country =
source_elevation_imperial = 20
source_elevation_note =
source_lat_d = 38 | source_lat_m = 19 | source_lat_s = 0 | source_lat_NS = N
source_long_d = 122 | source_long_m = 53 | source_long_s = 56 | source_long_EW = W
source_coordinates_note = Gnis|223257|Estereo Americano]
source1 =
source1_location = | source1_region = | source1_country =
source1_elevation_imperial =
source1_lat_d = | source1_lat_m = | source1_lat_s = | source1_lat_NS =
source1_long_d = | source1_long_m = | source1_long_s = | source1_long_EW =
source_confluence =
source_confluence_location = | source_confluence_region = | source_confluence_country =
source_confluence_elevation_imperial =
source_confluence_lat_d = | source_confluence_lat_m = | source_confluence_lat_s = | source_confluence_lat_NS =
source_confluence_long_d = | source_confluence_long_m = | source_confluence_long_s = | source_confluence_long_EW =
mouth = Bodega Bay
mouth_location = convert|3|mi|km|0|lk=on|abbr=on southeast of Bodega Bay, California
mouth_region = | mouth_country =
mouth_elevation_imperial = 0
mouth_lat_d = 38 | mouth_lat_m = 17 | mouth_lat_s = 44 | mouth_lat_NS = N
mouth_long_d = 123 | mouth_long_m = 0 | mouth_long_s = 9 | mouth_long_EW = W
mouth_coordinates_note =
length_imperial = 9.2
length_note =
length_orientation =
width_imperial = | width_orientation =
depth_imperial =
volume_imperial =
watershed_imperial = 49
watershed_note =
discharge_location =
discharge_location_note =
discharge_imperial =
discharge_round =
discharge_max_imperial =
discharge_min_imperial =
free = | free_type =


map_caption =
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map_locator_y =
website =
footnotes =

Americano Creek is a convert|7.5|mi|km|0|lk=on|adj=on long westward-flowing stream in the California counties of Sonoma and Marin, which flows into the Estero Americano, a convert|9.2|mi|km|0|abbr=on long estuary, and thence to the Pacific Ocean. This article covers both watercourses.

Course

Americano Creek springs from low-lying coastal hills convert|4|mi|km|0|lk=on|abbr=on west of Cotati and runs westward, paralleling Roblar Road. It passes a closed landfill and crosses Valley Ford Road. At this point the channel becomes better defined and also deep enough for kayaking in the winter months. Kayakers access the creek here by means of an unpaved boat launch road reachable from Marsh Road.

The lower reach of the creek flows westward past the small community of Bloomfield, paralleling Valley Ford Road, and passes under State Route 1, at which point it begins to define the Sonoma-Marin county line.

Just west of Highway One, the watercourse's official name changes to Estero Americano. It meanders past the town of Valley Ford, California. Valley Ford-Franklin School Road crosses at the last bridge across the Estero. Shortly thereafter, Ebabias Creek enters from the north. The last convert|6|mi|km|0|abbr=on of the Estero are virtually without road access or visibility from public roads.

The Estero continues to define the county boundary until it reaches the coast, where it empties into Bodega Bay about convert|4|mi|km|0|abbr=on southeast of the town of Bodega Bay. Its mouth lies near the north end of the Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary.

Environmental factors

California's 1994 water quality report designated all of Americano Creek and most of the Estero Americano as "impaired" streamways as defined in section 303(d) of the Federal Water Resource Statutes, due to runoff from pasture land and feedlots. As recently as 1987, a single gully near Americano Creek released 4,000 tons/year of sediment, contributing to flooding in downstream communities and making the creek non-navigable. Pollutants found at hazardous level in the creek have included fecal bacteria, copper, ammonia, and zinc. [ [http://www.sonoma.edu/users/n/norwick/Document/Jerabek/sowater7.html Ilka M. Jerabek, "Water Use and Management in Sonoma County, California", (1996)] ] The creek's headwaters area is a historic habitat for a number of rare and endangered species including Sebastopol Meadowfoam, "Limnanthes vinculans"; Showy Indian clover, "Trifolium amoenum"; and Pitkin Marsh lily, "Lilium pardolinum" ssp "pitkinese". ["Environmental Impact Report for the proposed Roblar Road Rock Quarry", Earth Metrics Inc. Report 7673, prepared for Sonoma County and the California State Clearinghouse, September, 1989] This area also contains a closed landfill, and as of 2006, a hard rock quarry was proposed for it. [http://www.ccwi.org/cm/americano.htm Americano Creek monitoring plan] ]

Americano Creek is dry 4 to 6 months each year. For its first convert|8|mi|km|0|abbr=on, the stream stream meanders through a broad valley dominated by agricultural uses, principally cattle grazing. The valley floor is flat and wide, especially at the lower elevations. Due to siltation, virtually no rocks are evident in the streambed. Grazing occurs in the streambed itself, putting pathogens directly into the water. During the rainy season (November to April), this bottomland consists in places of an expansive marshy area. Most native wetland vegetation has been destroyed by ongoing grazing. Grazing is so intense that cattle are seen wading in a broad marshy streambed over convert|16|in|cm|-1|abbr=on deep and over convert|300|ft|m|-2|abbr=on wide.

The lower reach of Americano Creek is also surrounded by agricultural uses. However, the channel becomes better separated from grazing areas. The Estero itself is a Federally-protected area.

Flow rates are highly seasonal with the heaviest flows occurring in the rainy winter months. Water testing of Americano Creek and the Estero has generally found pH (acidity) levels in the range of 7.5 to 8.0, which satisfies the guidelines in the State of California Basin Plan.Fact|date=November 2007

In some years, a sand bar forms at the mouth of the Estero, restricting tidal exchange. At other times, tidal influences extend up to convert|4|mi|km|0 from the mouth. High levels of salinity have been observed in the Estero.cite web|url=http://co.marin.ca.us/depts/CD/main/comdev/Watershed/WMP_ApxA%20-%20pp%200i-28.pdf|title=Marin County Watershed Management Plan Administrative Draft|accessdate=2008-03-03]

History

Two permanent Coast Miwok villages were located on the Estero Americano: one named "Uli-yomi" at the head of the Eastero, and another named "Awachi" at its mouth.cite web|url=http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/california/miwokindianhist.htm|title=Access Genealogy: Miwok Indian Tribe]

Bridges

Bridges cross Americano Creek in three locations: Gericke Road, Roblar Road and Valley Ford Road. The newest of these, built in 1985, is the convert|73|ft|m|1|abbr=on long concrete slab structure at Valley Ford Road, convert|3.6|mi|km|1|abbr=on east of the junction with State Route 1. The oldest of these, built in 1964, is the Roblar Road crossing, a convert|27|ft|m|1|abbr=on concrete culvert situated convert|0.7|mi|km|1|abbr=on east of Valley Ford Road. The Gericke Road bridge is a convert|107|ft|m|1|abbr=on long concrete continuous slab built in 1972 about convert|0.2|mi|m|-2|abbr=on south of Valley Ford Road.cite web|url=http://nationalbridges.com/|title=National Bridge Inventory Database]

The Estero Americano is crossed in three places: Valley Ford-Franklin School Road, Highway One, and Slaughter House Road. All three crossing are concrete continuous slab structures. The State Route 1 bridge, built in 1925, is convert|144|ft|m|1|abbr=on long and located near milepost 50.47. The Valley Ford-Franklin School bridge, built in 1961, is convert|198|ft|m|1|abbr=on long. The Slaughter House Road bridge, built in 1990, is only convert|75|ft|m|1|abbr=on long.

ee also

*List of watercourses in the San Francisco Bay Area
*Overgrazing
*Water pollution

References

External links

* [http://www.krisweb.com/kris_wms/krisdb/webbuilder/ac_c6.htm Americano Creek water temperature habitat designation]
* [http://www.krisweb.com/kris_wms/krisdb/webbuilder/ac_c5.htm Americano Creek monthly flow rates]