Actonian Prize

The Actonian Prize was established by the Royal Institution as a septennial award for the "person who in the judgement of the committee of managers for the time being of the Institution, should have been the author of the best essay illustrative of the wisdom and beneficence of the Almighty, in such department of science as the committee of managers should, in their discretion, have selected" [ [http://www.biblio.com/books/69094332.html - Chemistry as Exemplifies the Wisdom and Beneficence of God.] ] . Each year the prize was to be awarded, announcements were published, and competitors for the prize were requested to send their essays to the Secretary of Royal Institution, Albemarle Street, London, and adjudication was made by the managers and announced a few months later. ["Notes," "Nature," (Thursday, October 5, 1871) p. 453]

The prize was named for Hannah Acton [E.L. Youman, "The Popular Science Monthly," Vol IV, 1874, p. 503] who in 1838 left £1,000 to the Royal Institution, the income from which was to be spent for prizes for the best essay on the beneficence of the Almighty, as illustrative of a department of science. Benjamin Vincent, "Haydn's Dictionary of Dates," 23rd ed. 1904, p. 1073]

The Royal Institution's Actonian Prize is now given to an invited lecturer and is not competitive. [W. H. Brock, "The Selection of the Authors of the Bridgewater Treatises," Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, Vol. 21, No. 2. (Dec., 1966), p. 177]

The first prize of one hundred guineas was awarded to George Fownes for his "Chemistry as Exemplifies the Wisdom and Beneficence of God" published in 1844. At the time, he was the chemical lecturer at Middlesex Hospital.

Other recipients include:

*1851 Thomas Wharton Jones, "With the Wisdom and Beneficence of The Almighty as displayed in The Sense of Vision." [William Upcott, "A Catalogue of the Library of the London Institution: Systematically Classed," 1852, p.417]

*1858 No prize was awarded. The announced subject had been on solar radiation. The managers of the Royal Institution reported that no essay of sufficient merit had been received, and the money was carried forward for a future award, under the terms of the trust-deed. [David H. Wells (editor), "Annual of Scientific Discovery: Or, Year-book of Facts in Science and Art, for 1859," p. x]

*1865 G. Warington, "The Phenomena of Radiation as Exemplifying the Wisdom and Beneficence of God." [Benjamin Vincent, "A New Classified Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution of Great Britain," Vol II, 1882, p. 102]

*1872 Two awards were made of one hundred guineas each (£105) for winning essays on the subject "The Theory of the Evolution of Living Things." ["Notes," "Nature," (Thursday, December 5, 1872) p. 88] One went to Rev. George Henslow who published his essay the following year under the same title. [ [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=turn&entity=HistSciTech001202240005&q1=actonian 1873 book review in "Nature" of Henslow's published essay] ] The other was given to Benjamin Thompson Lowne, who the next year published "The Philosophy of Evolution." [ [http://c19.chadwyck.co.uk/html/noframes/moreinfo/evol_t.htm] Nineteenth Century Books on Evolution and Creation]

*1879 R.S. Boulger for his essay on the "Structure and Functions of the Retina in all Classes of Animals, viewed in relation to the Theory of Evolution." ["Proceedings By Royal Institution of Great Britain" *1879, p. 283]

*1886 Sir George Gabriel Stokes, president of the Royal Society

*1893 Agnes Mary Clerke [ [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04051b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia] ]

*1900 Sir William Huggins and Lady Huggins: "Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra" (1900). [Scientific Notes and News, "Science", New Series, Vol. 12, No. 291. (Jul. 27, 1900), pp. 157]

*1907 Marie Curie [Scientific Notes and News, "Science," New Series, Vol. 25, No. 647. (May 24, 1907), p. 839.] for her essay "Recherches sur les Substances Radioactives." ["The Gentleman's Magazine," New Series, Vol CCCII (Jan - Jun 1907), p. 547]

*1921 George Ellery Hale in recognition of his work on solar phenomena [Scientific Notes and News, "Science", New Series, Vol. 53, No. 1364. (Feb. 18, 1921), p. 160]

*1928 Archibald Vivian Hill [Bernard Katz, "Archibald Vivian Hill," "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society", Vol. 24. (Nov., 1978), p. 135]

*1935 William T. Astbury of the Department of Textile Physics, University of Leeds [Scientific Notes and News, "Science", New Series, Vol. 82, No. 2119. (Aug. 9, 1935), p. 122]

*1949 Alexander Fleming, the prize was still 100 guineas [News and Notes, "Science", New Series, Vol. 110, No. 2850. (Aug. 12, 1949), p. 173]

Also Ralph Lewis Wain [Leslie Fowden, "Ralph Louis Wain," "Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society," Vol. 48 (Dec., 2002), p. 441]

Related links

* [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/HistSciTech/HistSciTech-idx?type=article&did=HISTSCITECH.0012.0128.0001&q1=actonian Actonian Prize competition announcement in the journal "Nature" (1871)]
* [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC01716421&id=9A0KAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA13-PA416&lpg=RA13-PA416 Review of Lowne's essay in The Popular Science Review (1873)]

References