Albert Sabin

Infobox Scientist
name = Albert Sabin
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image_width =150px
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birth_date = birth date|1906|08|26
birth_place = Białystok, Russia
death_date = death date and age|1993|03|03|1906|08|26
death_place = Washington, D.C
residence =
citizenship = United States
nationality = Poland
ethnicity =
field = immunology
work_institutions =
alma_mater = New York University
doctoral_advisor =
doctoral_students =
known_for = oral polio vaccine
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author_abbrev_zoo =
influences =
influenced =
prizes = see article
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Albert Bruce Sabin (August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was an American medical researcher best-known for having developed an oral polio vaccine.

Life

Albert Bruce Sabin was born in 1906 in Białystok, Russia (now Poland), to Jewish parents, Jacob and Tillie Saperstein, in 1921 he immigrated with his family to America. In 1930 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States and changed his name to Sabin.

Sabin received a medical degree from New York University in 1931. He trained in internal medicine, pathology and surgery at Bellevue Hospital in New York City from 1931-1933. In 1934 he conducted research at The Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine in England, then joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (now Rockefeller University). During this time he developed an intense interest in research, especially in the area of infectious diseases. In 1939 he moved to Cincinnati Children's Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. During World War II he was a lieutenant colonel in the US Army Medical Corps and helped develop vaccines against dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis. Maintaining his association with Children's Hospital, by 1946 he had also become the head of Pediatric Research at the University of Cincinnati.

With the menace of polio growing, Sabin and other researchers, most notably Jonas Salk in Pittsburgh and Hilary Koprowski in New York and Philadelphia, sought a vaccine to prevent or mitigate the illness. In 1955, Salk's "killed" vaccine was tested and released for use. It was effective in preventing most of the complications of polio, but did not prevent the initial, intestinal infection. Sabin's "live"-virus vaccine, developed from attenuated polio virus that he had received from Hilary Koprowski, began international testing through the World Health Organization in 1957, when large groups of children in Russia, Holland, Mexico, Chile, Sweden and Japan received it. In 1961 the United States Public Health Service endorsed his "live"-polio-virus vaccine. Prepared with cultures of attenuated polio viruses, it could be taken orally and prevented the actual contraction of the disease. It was this vaccine that effectively eliminated polio from the United States.

Honors

* Election to the Polio Hall of Fame, which was dedicated in Warm Springs, Georgia, on January 2, 1958
*National Medal of Science (1970)
*Presidential Medal of Freedom (1986)
*In 1999, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center named its new education and conference center for Sabin.
*In March 2006, the US Postal Service issued a commemorative 87-cent postage stamp carrying his image, in its Distinguished Americans series. [ [http://www.usps.com/communications/news/stamps/2006/sr06_012.htm USPS press release] .]

References

*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Saldías G
first=Ernesto
authorlink=
year=2006
month=Dec
title= [Centennary of Albert B. Sabin MD birthdate]
journal=Revista chilena de infectología : órgano oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología
volume=23
issue=4
pages=368–9
publisher = | location =
pmid = 17186087
doi = /S0716-10182006000400013
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
doi_brokendate=2008-06-25
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Smith
first=Derek R
authorlink=
coauthors=Leggat Peter A
year=2005
month=
title=Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin--inventor of the oral polio vaccine
journal=The Kurume medical journal
volume=52
issue=3
pages=111–6
publisher = | location =
pmid = 16422178
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
doi=10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Emed
first=A
authorlink=
year=2000
month=Apr
title= [Albert B Sabin (1906-1993)]
journal=Harefuah
volume=138
issue=8
pages=702–3
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 10883218
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Chanock
first=R M
authorlink=
year=1996
month=Mar
title=Reminiscences of Albert Sabin and his successful strategy for the development of the live oral poliovirus vaccine
journal=Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians
volume=108
issue=2
pages=117–26
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 8705731
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Dalakas
first=M C
authorlink=
year=1995
month=May
title=Opening remarks. On post-polio syndrome and in honor of Dr. Albert B. Sabin
journal=Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.
volume=753
issue=
pages=xi-xiv
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 7611615
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Beumer
first=J
authorlink=
year=1994
month=
title= [Academic eulogy of Professor Albert Bruce Sabin, foreign honorary member]
journal=Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg.
volume=149
issue=5-7
pages=220–4
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 7795544
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Horaud
first=F
authorlink=
year=1993
month=Dec
title=Albert B. Sabin and the development of oral poliovaccine
journal=Biologicals
volume=21
issue=4
pages=311–6
publisher = | location =
pmid = 8024745
doi = 10.1006/biol.1993.1089
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Melnick
first=J L
authorlink=
coauthors=Horaud F
year=1993
month=Dec
title=Albert B. Sabin
journal=Biologicals
volume=21
issue=4
pages=297–303
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 8024743
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
year=1993
month=Dec
title=Homage to Albert Sabin
journal=Biologicals
volume=21
issue=4
pages=295–384
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 8024742
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Newsom
first=B
authorlink=
year=1993
month=Jun
title=In memoriam: Albert B. Sabin, M.D., 1906-1993
journal=Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975)
volume=89
issue=6
pages=311
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 8320975
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Grouse
first=L D
authorlink=
year=1993
month=Apr
title=Albert Bruce Sabin
journal=JAMA
volume=269
issue=16
pages=2140
publisher = | location =
pmid = 8468772
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
doi=10.1001/jama.269.16.2140
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Koprowski
first=H
authorlink=
year=1993
month=Apr
title=Albert B. Sabin (1906-1993)
journal=Nature
volume=362
issue=6420
pages=499
publisher = | location =
pmid = 8464487
doi = 10.1038/362499a0
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Sabin
first=A B
authorlink=
coauthors=Ramos-Alvarez M, Alvarez-Amezquita J, Pelon W, Michaels R H, Spigland I, Koch M A, Barnes J M, Rhim J S
year=1984
month=Jun
title=Landmark article Aug 6, 1960: Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. By Albert B. Sabin, Manuel Ramos-Alvarez, José Alvarez-Amezquita, William Pelon, Richard H. Michaels, Ilya Spigland, Meinrad A. Koch, Joan M. Barnes, and Johng S. Rhim
journal=JAMA
volume=251
issue=22
pages=2988–93
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 6371279
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*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Benison
first=S
authorlink=
year=1982
month=
title=International medical cooperation: Dr. Albert Sabin, live poliovirus vaccine and the Soviets
journal=Bulletin of the history of medicine
volume=56
issue=4
pages=460–83
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 6760938
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*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Dixon
first=B
authorlink=
year=1977
month=Dec
title=Medicine and the media: polio still paralyses (Albert Sabin, Jonas Salk)
journal=British journal of hospital medicine
volume=18
issue=6
pages=595
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 342023
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =
*cite journal
quotes = no
last=Draffin
first=R W
authorlink=
year=1977
month=Jan
title=Citation for Dr. Albert B. Sabin of Charleston, S.C. on presentation of Honorary Fellowship 1976
journal=The Journal of the American College of Dentists
volume=44
issue=1
pages=28–30
publisher = | location = | issn =
pmid = 320241
bibcode = | oclc =| id = | url = | language = | format = | accessdate = | laysummary = | laysource = | laydate = | quote =

ee also

*Polio vaccine
*Hilary Koprowski
*Sabin Vaccine Institute
*List of Poles

External links

* [http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/about/history/sabin.htm Dr. Albert Sabin's Discovery of the Oral Polio Vaccine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center]
* [http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0826.html Obituary, NY Times, March 4, 1993]
* [http://www.sabin.org Sabin Vaccine Institute]

Persondata
NAME= Sabin, Albert
ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
SHORT DESCRIPTION= Physician and epidemiologist
DATE OF BIRTH= August 26, 1906
PLACE OF BIRTH= Białystok, Russia
DATE OF DEATH= March 3, 1993
PLACE OF DEATH= Washington, D.C., USA