Ryegrass

Ryegrass

Taxobox
name = Ryegrass


image_width = 250px
image_caption = Perennial Ryegrass ("Lolium perenne")
regnum = Plantae
divisio = Magnoliophyta
classis = Liliopsida
ordo = Poales
familia = Poaceae
genus = "Lolium"
genus_authority = L.
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = See text

Ryegrass ("Lolium") is a genus of nine species of tufted grasses, family Poaceae. Also called tares (even though there is no firm evidence that this is the same as the plant given that name in English language translations of the Bible - vetches are another candidate), these plants are native to Europe, Asia and northern Africa, but are widely cultivated and naturalised elsewhere. Ryegrasses are naturally diploid, with 2n = 14, and are closely related to the fescues "Festuca".

Ryegrass should not be confused with Rye, which is a grain crop.

pecies

The following are accepted as distinct species:
*"Lolium canariense" Steud. - Canary Islands Ryegrass
*"Lolium edwardii" H.Scholz, Stierst. & Gaisberg
*"Lolium multiflorum" Lam. - Italian Ryegrass
*"Lolium perenne" L. - Perennial Ryegrass
*"Lolium persicum" - Persian Ryegrass or Persian Darnel
*"Lolium remotum" Schrank
*"Lolium rigidum" Gaudin - Stiff Darnel, Wimmera Ryegrass
*"Lolium temulentum" L. - Darnel, Poison Darnel

Cultivation and uses

Ryegrasses contain some species which are important grasses for both lawns, and as pasture and for grazing and hay for livestock, being a highly nutritious stock feed. Ryegrasses are also used in soil erosion control programs. It is the principal grazing grass in New Zealand where some 10 million kilograms of certified seed are produced every year. There is a large range of cultivars. The primary species found worldwide and used for both lawns and as a forage crop is perennial ryegrass ("Lolium perenne"). Like many cool-season grasses, it is often infected by a clandestine, fungal endophyte which lives symbiotically within its leaves.

Some species, particularly "L. temulentum", are weeds which can have a severe impact on the production of wheat and other crops. Ryegrass pollen is also one of the major causes of hay fever.

ynonyms

*"L. ambiguum" = Lolium multiflorum"
*"L. annuum" = "Lolium temulentum"
*"L. arundinaceum" = "Festuca arundinacea"
*"L. berteronianum" = "Lolium temulentum"
*"L. brasilianum" = "Lolium perenne"
*"L. canadense" = "Lolium perenne"
*"L. crassiculme" = "Lolium rigidum"
*"L. cuneatum" = "Lolium temulentum"
*"L. dorei" = "Lolium persicum"
*"L. giganteum" = "Festuca gigantea"
*"L. gracile" = "Lolium temulentum"
*"L. lepturoides" = "Lolium rigidum" subsp. "lepturoides"
*"L. marschallii" = "Lolium perenne"
*"L. parabolicae" = "Lolium rigidum"
*"L. pratense" = "Festuca pratensis"
*"L. remotum" = "Lolium temulentum" subsp. "remotum"
*"L. romanum" = "Lolium multiflorum"
*"L. scabrum" = "Lolium multiflorum"
*"L. siculum" = "Lolium multiflorum"
*"L. subulatum" = "Lolium rigidum" subsp. "lepturoides"
*"L. teres" = "Lolium rigidum" subsp. "lepturoides"
*"L. trabutii" = "Lolium rigidum"

References

* [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Lolium&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= Flora Europaea: "Lolium"]
* [http://www.onlineturf.co.uk/content/214 "Ryegrass Lawn - Percentage of grass seed sown"]


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  • ryegrass — [rī′gras΄, rī′gräs΄] n. any of a genus (Lolium) of annual or short lived perennial grasses, often grown for lawns or as forage …   English World dictionary

  • ryegrass — /ruy gras , grahs /, n. any of several European grasses of the genus Lolium, as L. perenne (perennial ryegrass), grown for forage in the U.S. [1740 50; RYE1 + GRASS] * * * ▪ plant       any of about 10 species constituting the genus Lolium… …   Universalium

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  • ryegrass — noun Date: 1712 any of several grasses (genus Lolium); especially either of two grasses (L. perenne and L. multiflorum) that are used as lawn and pasture grasses and as cover crops …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • ryegrass — rye|grass [ˈraıgra:s US græs] n [U] a type of grass that is grown as food for animals …   Dictionary of contemporary English

  • ryegrass — see rye grass …   English dictionary

  • ryegrass — noun a grass used for fodder and lawns. [Genus Lolium: several species, in particular L. perenne.] Origin C18: alt. of obs. ray grass, of unknown origin …   English new terms dictionary

  • ryegrass — noun (U) a type of grass that is grown as food for animals …   Longman dictionary of contemporary English

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