Glaresis

Taxobox
name = "Glaresis"
regnum = Animalia
phylum = Arthropoda
classis = Insecta
ordo = Coleoptera
subordo = Polyphaga
superfamilia = Scarabaeoidea
familia = Glaresidae
familia_authority = Semenov-Tian-Shanskii & Medvedev, 1932
genus = "Glaresis"
genus_authority = Erichson, 1848
subdivision_ranks = Species
subdivision = About 50; see text.

"Glaresis" is a genus of beetles, sometimes called "enigmatic scarab beetles", in its own family, the Glaresidae. It is closely related to scarab beetles. Although its members occur in arid and sandy areas worldwide (except Australia), only the nocturnal adults have ever been collected (typically at lights), and both the larvae and biology of "Glaresis" are as yet unknown. Due to their narrow habitat associations, a great number of these species occur in extremely limited geographic areas, and are accordingly imperiled by habitat destruction.

These beetles are small, 2½–6 mm long, and have the stocky appearance typical of scarabs, with short heavy spurred legs. Color ranges from tan to dark brown, and the back is covered with short setae.

Efforts to raise glaresids in the laboratory were undertaken in the 1980s by C. H. Scholtz and others, but were unsuccessful.

"Glaresis" was originally classified with Trogidae, and has many characteristics of "primitive" scarabaeoids, but no affinities to any of the other primitive groups; recent work suggests that they do in fact belong in the trogids. Scholtz argued that "Glaresis" is the most primitive type of scarabaeoid, but more recent research indicates that the Pleocomidae hold this position.

Species

* "G. alfierii"
* "G. arenata"
* "G. beckeri"
* "G. canadensis"
* "G. carthagensis"
* "G. cartwrighti"
* "G. ceballosi"
* "G. celiae"
* "G. clypeata"
* "G. confusa"
* "G. contrerasi"
* "G. dakotensis"
* "G. desperata"
* "G. ecostata"
* "G. exasperata"
* "G. foveolata"
* "G. freyi"
* "G. fritzi"
* "G. frustrata"
* "G. gineri"
* "G. handlirshci"
* "G. hispanus"
* "G. holmi"
* "G. howdeni"
* "G. impressicollis"
* "G. inducta"
* "G. kocheri"
* "G. koenigsbaueri"
* "G. longisternum"
* "G. lomii"
* "G. mandibularis"
* "G. maroccana"
* "G. mauritanica"
* "G. medialis"
* "G. mendica"
* "G. methneri"
* "G. minuta"
* "G. namibensis"
* "G. penrithae"
* "G. oxiana"
* "G. pardoi"
* "G. pardoalcaidei"
* "G. phoenicis"
* "G. porrecta"
* "G. quedenfeldti"
* "G. rufa"
* "G. texana"
* "G. tripolitana"
* "G. villiersi"
* "G. walzlae"
* "G. zarudniana"

References

* Mary Liz Jameson, "Glaresidae", in Ross H. Arnett, Jr. and Michael C. Thomas, "American Beetles" (CRC Press, 2001), vol. 2

External links

* Browne et al., [http://tolweb.org/tree?group=Glaresis "Glaresis"] from the [http://tolweb.org/tree Tree of Life] .