Higaonna Kanryō

Infobox_martial_artist
name = Higaonna Kanryo
residence =
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birth_date = March 10, 1853
birth_place = Naha, flag|Ryūkyū Kingdom|1429
death_date = December 1916
death_place = Naha, Okinawa
death_cause =
martial_art = Naha-te
teacher = Arakaki Seishō, Ru Ru Ko
rank = Kensei, Founder of Naha-te
students = Chōjun Miyagi, Kenwa Mabuni, Kyoda Juhatsu, Koki Shiroma, Higa Seiko, Shiroma Shinpan (Gusukuma)
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nihongo|Higaonna (Higashionna) Kanryo|東恩納 寛量|Higaonna Kanryō|March 10 1853 - December 1916 was a native of Nishi-shin-machi, Naha, Okinawa. He was born into a merchant family, whose business was selling firewood, an expensive commodity in the Ryukyu Islands. He founded the fighting style later to be known as Gojū Ryū Karate.

The characters of his family name are pronounced "Higaonna" in Okinawan, and "Higashionna" in Japanese. In Western articles the two spellings are often used interchangeably.

In the early 1860s he began studying the Okinawan martial arts under a teacher named Arakaki Seisho. At that time the word "karate" was not in common use, and the martial arts were often referred to simply as "Te" ("hand"), sometimes prefaced by the area of origin, as Naha-te, Shuri-te, or simply Okinawa-te.

In 1869 Higaonna sailed to Fuzhou in the Fukien province of China. He spent at least several years there; accounts range from five to twenty, though the latter seems unlikely. He spent his time studying with various teachers of the Chinese martial arts. One of his first teachers was a kempo teacher named Ryoto. It was he who introduced Higaonna to the kempo master by the name of Ru Ru Ko (or To Ru Ko, or Lu Lu Ko, his name was never recorded as Kanryu Higaonna was illiterate). According to oral account [cite web|url=http://uk.geocities.com/sanzinsoo/oral.html|first=Akio|last=Kinjo|accessdate=2007-05-10|title=Oral history of Kanryo Higaonna handed down by disciples of Seiko Higa|publisher=Reprinted from the book "Karate Denshinrokuh (= True History of Karate), Okinawa Tosho Center, 1999] , Higaonna spent years doing household chores for master Ru Ru Ko, until he saved his daughter from drowning during a heavy flood and begged the master to teach Kung-fu as a reward.

In the 1880s Higaonna returned to Okinawa and continued the family business. He also began to teach the martial arts in and around Naha. His style was distinguished by its integration of both "go-no" (hard) and "ju-no" (soft) techniques in one system. He became so prominent that the name "Naha-te" became identified with Higaonna's system.

Higaonna was noted for his powerful Sanchin "kata", or form. Students reported that the wooden floor would be hot from the gripping of his feet.

Several of Higaonna's students went on to become influential masters of what came to be called karate, amongst them Chōjun Miyagi, Kenwa Mabuni, Kyoda Shigehatsu, Koki Shiroma, Higa Seiko, and Shiroma Shinpan (Gusukuma).

References

External links

* [http://www.geocities.com/karatejmh/kanryohigashionna.htm Akari-ki Karate: Higashionna]
* [http://www.glenridgemartialarts.com/kanryo-higaonna.shtml History of Kanryo Higaonna] at glenridgemartialarts.com