Auguries of Innocence

Auguries of Innocence is a poem from one of William Blake's notebooks now known as The Pickering Manuscript [http://www.english.uga.edu/nhilton/Blake/blaketxt1/pickeringcontents.html] . It is assumed to have been written in 1803, but was not published until 1863 in the companion volume to Alexander Gilchrist's biography of William Blake. The poem contains a series of paradoxes which speak of innocence juxtaposed with evil and corruption. The poem is 132 lines and has been published with and without breaks that divide the poem into stanzas.

The full poem:

To see a world in a grain of sand,And a heaven in a wild flower,Hold infinity in the palm of your hand,And eternity in an hour.

A robin redbreast in a cagePuts all heaven in a rage.

A dove-house fill'd with doves and pigeonsShudders hell thro' all its regions.A dog starv'd at his master's gatePredicts the ruin of the state.

A horse misused upon the roadCalls to heaven for human blood.Each outcry of the hunted hareA fibre from the brain does tear.

A skylark wounded in the wing,A cherubim does cease to sing.The game-cock clipt and arm'd for fightDoes the rising sun affright.

Every wolf's and lion's howlRaises from hell a human soul.

The wild deer, wand'ring here and there,Keeps the human soul from care.The lamb misus'd breeds public strife,And yet forgives the butcher's knife.

The bat that flits at close of eveHas left the brain that won't believe.The owl that calls upon the nightSpeaks the unbeliever's fright.

He who shall hurt the little wrenShall never be belov'd by men.He who the ox to wrath has mov'dShall never be by woman lov'd.

The wanton boy that kills the flyShall feel the spider's enmity.He who torments the chafer's spriteWeaves a bower in endless night.

The caterpillar on the leafRepeats to thee thy mother's grief.Kill not the moth nor butterfly,For the last judgement draweth nigh.

He who shall train the horse to warShall never pass the polar bar.The beggar's dog and widow's cat,Feed them and thou wilt grow fat.

The gnat that sings his summer's songPoison gets from slander's tongue.The poison of the snake and newtIs the sweat of envy's foot.

The poison of the honey beeIs the artist's jealousy.

The prince's robes and beggar's ragsAre toadstools on the miser's bags.A truth that's told with bad intentBeats all the lies you can invent.

It is right it should be so;Man was made for joy and woe;And when this we rightly know,Thro' the world we safely go.

Joy and woe are woven fine,A clothing for the soul divine.Under every grief and pineRuns a joy with silken twine.

The babe is more than swaddling bands;Every farmer understands.Every tear from every eyeBecomes a babe in eternity;

This is caught by females bright,And return'd to its own delight.The bleat, the bark, bellow, and roar,Are waves that beat on heaven's shore.

The babe that weeps the rod beneathWrites revenge in realms of death.The beggar's rags, fluttering in air,Does to rags the heavens tear.

The soldier, arm'd with sword and gun,Palsied strikes the summer's sun.The poor man's farthing is worth moreThan all the gold on Afric's shore.

One mite wrung from the lab'rer's handsShall buy and sell the miser's lands;Or, if protected from on high,Does that whole nation sell and buy.

He who mocks the infant's faithShall be mock'd in age and death.He who shall teach the child to doubtThe rotting grave shall ne'er get out.

He who respects the infant's faithTriumphs over hell and death.The child's toys and the old man's reasonsAre the fruits of the two seasons.

The questioner, who sits so sly,Shall never know how to reply.He who replies to words of doubtDoth put the light of knowledge out.

The strongest poison ever knownCame from Caesar's laurel crown.Nought can deform the human raceLike to the armour's iron brace.

When gold and gems adorn the plow,To peaceful arts shall envy bow.A riddle, or the cricket's cry,Is to doubt a fit reply.

The emmet's inch and eagle's mileMake lame philosophy to smile.He who doubts from what he seesWill ne'er believe, do what you please.

If the sun and moon should doubt,They'd immediately go out.To be in a passion you good may do,But no good if a passion is in you.

The whore and gambler, by the stateLicensed, build that nation's fate.The harlot's cry from street to streetShall weave old England's winding-sheet.

The winner's shout, the loser's curse,Dance before dead England's hearse.

Every night and every mornSome to misery are born,Every morn and every nightSome are born to sweet delight.

Some are born to sweet delight,Some are born to endless night.

We are led to believe a lieWhen we see not thro' the eye,Which was born in a night to perish in a night,When the soul slept in beams of light.

God appears, and God is light,To those poor souls who dwell in night;But does a human form displayTo those who dwell in realms of day.

Allusions in popular culture

The lines "Some are born to sweet delight, Some are born to endless night" are quoted by Jim Morrison in the song "End of the Night" by The Doors from their debut album, and they also appear in Tim Willocks' novel Green River Rising.

A 1985 compilation album of music by Nick Drake is titled "Heaven in a Wild Flower", taken from the second line of the poem.

The same lines were used by Agatha Christie in the 1967 novel "Endless Night".

The lines 'To see a world in a grain of sand, And a heaven in a wild flower, Hold infinity in the palm of your hand, And eternity in an hour.' were said by Lara Croft in the movie .