Short Sherpa

:"This article is about the SB.4 Sherpa, for the C-23 Sherpa transport, see C-23 Sherpa infobox Aircraft
name=SB.4 Sherpa
type=Experimental aircraft
manufacturer=Short Brothers


caption=Short Sherpa flown by the College of Aeronautics at Cranfield c. 1956
designer= David Keith-Lucas
first flight=4 October 1953
introduced=
retired=
status=
primary user=Short Brothers company experimental project
more users=College of Aeronautics (Cranfield)
produced=
number built=1
unit cost=
developed from=Short SB.1
variants with their own articles=The Short Sherpa was a British experimental wing research aircraft designed and built during the 1950s to test the flight characteristics of the "aero-isoclinic" wing. It was based upon (and used some components) from an earlier glider design (the Short SB.1).

Design and development

The Short SB.4 Sherpa was designed by David Keith-Lucas as a research aircraft aimed primarily at assisting in the development of wings for faster, very high-altitude aircraft in general and the company's Preliminary Design (Short PD.1) in response to the U.K. V-Bomber requirement B35/46 in particular. It was the first powered aircraft to employ the "aero-isoclinic" wing first proposed in 1951 by Professor Geoffrey T.R. Hill, who had been instrumental in the design of the Westland-Hill Pterodactyl experimental aircraft. This radical wing configuration was designed to maintain a constant angle of incidence regardless of flexing, by placing the torsion box well back in the wing so that the air loads, acting in the region of the quarter-chord line, have a considerable moment arm about it. The torsional instability and tip stalling characteristics of conventional swept wings were recognised at the time, together with their tendency to aileron-reversal and flutter at high speed. It was to prevent these effects that the aero-isoclinic wing was designed.

In the Sherpa, the wing, which was used without a tailplane, was fitted with rotating tips comprising approximately one-fifth of the total wing area. These were rotated together (to act as elevators) or in opposition (when they acted as ailerons). They were hinged at about 30% chord and each carried, on the trailing edge, a small anti-balance tab, the fulcrum of which could be moved by means of an electric actuator. It was expected that the rotary wing tip controls would prove greatly superior to the flap type at transonic speeds and provide greater manœuvrability at high altitudes.

Construction was largely of spruce with plywood covering and light alloy components at strategic points. Wing sweep-back on the leading edge was just over 42° to facilitate low-speed research. Two diminutive engines (Turbomeca Palas) - "babies" - were buried in the upper fuselage with a NACA flush inlet on the top of the fuselage and toed-out exhausts located at the wing-roots. Blackburn licence produced the Palas and, hoping to market these engines as a new product line, supplied the powerplants for the Sherpa programme. [ Gunston 1977, p. 512.]

Testing

The Sherpa's first flight, piloted by Shorts' Chief Test Pilot, Tom Brooke-Smith, was on 4 October 1953. Brooke-Smith had also piloted the earlier experimental glider aircraft, the Short SB.1, upon which the Sherpa was based. Although he had a crash in the SB.1, Brooke-Smith recovered and was able to undertake the test programme of the redesignated SB.4 (registered as "G-14-1") throughout 1953-54. (Incidentally, the Sherpa was named in the aftermath of the conquest of Mount Everest but derived its name specifically from its company designation "Short & Harland Experimental Research Prototype Aircraft.)

The Sherpa flew successfully within a limited flight envelope, achieving a "flat-out" convert|170|mi/h|km/h|-1|abbr=on at convert|5000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on Barnes and James 1989, p. 444.] ), making it one of the slowest jets ever built. Gunston 1977, p. 513.] Barnes and James 1989, p. 444.] Despite reaching its design goals, the concept was considered "not fully realised in practice" and eventually the project was wound up. Gunston 1977, p. 513.]

The Sherpa was subsequently donated to the College of Aeronautics at Cranfield, where it was flown until 1958, when an engine problem caused it to be grounded until replacement engines could be found. In 1960, further engines were made available and flying then resumed until 1964, when, with engine life expired, the Sherpa was finally grounded. It was then sent to the Bristol College of Advanced Technology where it served as a "laboratory specimen". Gunston 1977, p. 513.] [ Barnes and James 1989, p. 445.] Its fuselage was on display at the The Norfolk & Suffolk Aviation Museum, Flixton, near Bungay, Suffolk until July 17, 2008 when it was moved to the Lishburn site of the Ulster Aviation Society.

Handling Characteristics

"The Sherpa's first trials, with Shorts' Chief Test Pilot, Tom Brooke-Smith at the controls, proved very satisfactory and the small black and silver plane has been quoted as being 'one of the most graceful aircraft now flying'." [ Shorts Quarterly Review, Autumn 1953]

pecifications

aircraft specifications

plane or copter?=plane
jet or prop?=jet

ref=Shorts Aircraft since 1900 [ Barnes and James 1989, p. 446.]

crew=1
capacity=
length main=31 ft 10 in
length alt=9.7 m
span main=38 ft 0 in
span alt=11.58 m
span sweep=42 degrees
height main=9 ft 1.12 in
height alt=2.77 m
area main=230 ft²
area alt=21.4 m²
airfoil=
empty weight main=3,000 lb
empty weight alt=1,361 kg
loaded weight main=3,268 lb
loaded weight alt=1,482 kg
max takeoff weight main=
max takeoff weight alt=
more general=

engine (jet)=Blackburn Turboméca Palas
type of jet=turbojet
number of jets=2
thrust main=350 lbf
thrust alt=1.6 kN

max speed main=170 mph
max speed alt=150 knots, 275 km/h
cruise speed main=117 mph
cruise speed alt=
range main= mi
range alt= nm, km
ceiling main= convert|5000|ft|m|-2|abbr=on
ceiling alt= m
climb rate main=
climb rate alt=
loading main=
loading alt=
thrust/weight=
more performance=
* Endurance: 45-50 min

ee also

aircontent
related=
* Short SB.1
* Westland-Hill Pterodactyl
similar aircraft=
lists=
see also=

References

Notes

Bibliography

* Barnes, C.H. with revisions by James, Derek N. "Shorts Aircraft since 1900". London: Putnam, 1989 (revised). ISBN 0-85177-819-4.
* Gunston, Bill. "Short's Experimental Sherpa." "Aeroplane Monthly Vol. 5, no. 10". October 1977, p. 508-515.
* "Sherpa - Fore-runner of High Speed, High Altitude Aircraft." "Shorts Quarterly Review, Vol. 2, No. 3, Autumn 1953."

External links

* [http://minijets.org/page_palas.php Turboméca Palas description]
* [http://www.aviationmuseum.net/ Sherpa fuselage exhibited at Norfolk and Suffolk Aviation Museum, Flixton ]