Helier

Infobox Saint
name=Saint Helier
birth_date=unknown
death_date=555
feast_day=16 July
venerated_in=Roman Catholic Church, Anglican Church


imagesize=150px
caption=The face of Saint Helier as sculpted on the 1978 monument "La Croix de la Reine" in St. Helier, Jersey
birth_place=Tongeren (now in Belgium)
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Saint Helier, a 6th century ascetic hermit, is patron saint of Jersey in the Channel Islands, and in particular of the town and parish of Saint Helier, the island’s capital. He is also invoked as a healing saint for diseases of the skin and eyes.

Life

Early years

According to hagiography, Hellerius or Helier was born to pagan parents in Tongeren (now in Belgium) after they had had difficulties conceiving a child. In desperation they had turned to Saint Cunibert who had advised them to pray to God and to promise to bring up an eventual child in the Christian faith. Their prayers having been answered, Helier was born, but Helier’s father eventually grew angry at the influence Cunibert exerted over his precocious son, who was already causing consternation with his youthful miracles. Helier’s father had Cunibert killed, whereupon Helier fled.

Helier’s wanderings led him through what is now the village of St. Hellier in the département of Seine-Maritime in Normandy and eventually to the Cotentin where he sought retreat from the distractions of the world in the monastic community of Saint Marculf at Nantus (Nanteuil, now St.-Marcouf-de-l’Isle in Manche).

Jersey

Helier, however, found the monastic community did not provide the quiet he required to devote himself fully to a life of contemplation. Marculf had received pleas from the few inhabitants of the island called Gersut, or Agna, now called Jersey, which was all but depopulated due to repeated attacks by Vikings, or Saxons, or Vandals, depending on source. The inhabitants requested someone to help them, and bring the gospel to them as they had no shepherd to guide them.

Marculf sent Helier, and a companion Saint Romard, to Jersey where he found a small community of fishermen on the sand dunes where the modern town of St. Helier was to develop. Helier settled on a tidal islet, nowadays known as the Hermitage Rock, next to L’Islet, the tidal island now occupied by the 16th century Elizabeth Castle. Romard would travel back and forth between the hermit on his rock and the fishing village.

From his vantage point on his rock, Helier could see the sails of approaching attackers and would signal to the shore, whereupon the inhabitants would scatter into the surrounding marshes, thereby frustrating the attackers’ bloodlust. Small dark clouds on the horizon are still known in Jèrriais as "les vailes dé St. Hélyi" (the sails of St. Helier).

Healing miracle

Helier is recorded as performing one healing miracle in Jersey, curing a lame man named Anquetil. His prayers and the sign of the cross raised a storm that drove off a raiding party. Though Helier starved himself to ascetic weakness for 13 years, legend holds that he had the strength, when he was beheaded by attackers, to pick up his head and walk to shore.

According to the hagiography, Romard discovered Helier’s body on the beach still clutching his head in his hands, placed it in a boat and set off for the mainland. The boat, guided by the hand of God, arrived at Bréville-sur-mer (Manche) where a reputedly miraculous healing spring arose on the spot where Helier’s body rested overnight. A church was founded next to the spring, which is now topped by a statue and still attracts those seeking a cure.

Relics

Helier’s relics were sent to the abbey of Beaubec (situated in Beaubec-la-Rosière (Seine-Maritime)) where they remained until the destruction of the abbey during the French Revolution.

Criticism of the story

The historian G.R. Balleine was critical of the Passion of St Helier, noting that "its chronology is absurd. St. Helier was born, we are told 'after the death of wicked Queen Brunehild. when Childebert governed the Francs'. This must be Childebert III, who came to the throne in 693. But Helier became a disciple of St. Marculf. who died in 558 ; and 'according to one account he was buried by the famous eighth century Bishop Willebrod. In other words he was baptised 150 years before he was born, and buried, while still a young man, two hundred years later." [http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/whitsco/sthelier2.htm]

The historian Charles Grosset also notes that the Passion of St Helier, written in the 10th or 11th century, draws upon two very much earlier lives of St Marculf (A and B), and amends them to suit his narrative.

"With a priest called Romard, Marcouf goes on his way towards the people of Brittany, and arrives at an island which is called, by its inhabitants, Agna. Here Life B, specifies that it is close to the French coast. In both lives, it is sparsely inhabited, having not more than 30 inhabitants who, according to Life A, were rich, and owners of farmstock. A hermit called Eletus (or Elibertus) had been there fore many years. Our two travellers stayed with him and together they founded a small community of 3, whose only aim was to be devoted to prayer and fasting. But ... in the morning, at the time that the inhabitants were occupied with their affairs, a fleet of 3,000 Saxon pirates came and prepared to land.... Marcouf prostrated himself on the ground and began to pray. At once, a storm followed. The Saxon ships were hurled against each other and completely destroyed, while the warriors who had landed were all killed, to the last man."

In the Life of Helier, it is added that after Marculf leaves the island that the pirates return and kill Helier.As Grosset notes, "for both authors, there can be no question of any other region than Continental Brittany. Marcouf and his companions leave on foot, and they find their way to an island which one could reach at low tide. It is very small, for it is described as only being able to support 30 inhabitants and their flocks."

Grosset's conclusion is that the life of St Helier is extremely poorly documented, and like Balleine, he considers it largely fictional. He see the writer as having "been given the task of writing a life of the hermit Helier, who lived in Jersey and has a few bare facts known about him: the cave where he lived, healing of the sick, and death at the hands of pirates. He discovered a similar sounding name to Helier in the district of Tongres, and also a hermit called Eletus in the Life of St Marcouf. He did not hesitate to identify Helier with the near namesake in Tongres, or to make an identification with Eletus, taking the story of a miracle set on an island whose place-name was not to be found on the map."

Modern presence

Churches dedicated to Helier can be found in Rennes, St. Hellier, Beuzeville (Eure), Amécourt (Eure), Barentin (Seine-Maritime), Monhoudou (Sarthe). Evidence of veneration of the saint can be found in La Hague in the Cotentin at Querqueville and also at Omonville-la-Rogue where a 13th century mural in the church of St. John the Baptist links Helier with Thomas Becket.

Helier is revered in Jersey for having brought Christianity to the island, but is better known in Normandy and Brittany as a healing saint. Besides the healing springs at St. Hellier and Bréville, there is also a healing spring at Saint-Jouan des Guérets (Ille-et-Vilaine), where Helier’s name has been deformed by folk etymology to "St. Délier" ("délier" meaning to untie in French, which may refer to the power to loosen the bonds of illness). There is also a chapel of St. Helier in the cathedral of Trenton, New Jersey.

The traditional year of his martyrdom is AD 555 . His feast day, marked in Jersey by an annual municipal and ecumenical pilgrimage to the Hermitage, is on July 16.

References

*A Biographical Dictionary of Jersey, G.R. Balleine
*A Theory on the Evangelisation of the Cotentin (Normany Peninsular):St Marculf, M. Charles Grosset
*Elizabeth Castle by Major NVL Rybot

External links

* [http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/geraint/helier Helier (Helerius), the 6th century saint]
* [http://www.societe-jersiaise.org/whitsco/sthelier2.htm Article on St Helier by G.R. Balleine]